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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G ↓ Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C01EX CARDIOVITEX G Coenzyme Q10 - 300mg, Magnesium oxide - 100mg Tablet 2,822,069 L.L
R06AE07 CETIMED G Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Solution 415,951 L.L
R06AE09 CALIVIDA G Levocetirizine dihydrochloride - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 447,948 L.L
C02CA04 CURCARD G Doxazosin (mesylate) - 4mg 4mg Tablet 452,875 L.L
J01FF01 CLINDAMYCIN VIANEX BA FREE G Clindamycin (phosphate) - 600mg/4ml 600mg/4ml Injectable solution 201,576 L.L
R06AE09 CALIVIDA G Levocetirizine dihydrochloride - 0.5mg/ml 0.5mg/ml Solution 1,158,264 L.L
J01FF01 CLINDAMYCIN-HAMELN G Clindamycin (phosphate) - 600mg/4ml 150mg/ml Injectable solution 3,535,650 L.L
N02AA01 CHLORHYDRATE DE MORPHINE RENAUDIN G Morphine HCl - 20mg/ml 20mg/ml Injectable solution 1,100,607 L.L
M01AE01 CAPTAIN G Ibuprofen - 200mg 200mg Capsule, soft gelatin 383,955 L.L
A06AX05 CONSTIPRIDE G Prucalopride succinate - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 2,956,454 L.L
M01AE01 CAPTAIN G Ibuprofen - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 335,321 L.L
A06AX05 CONSTIPRIDE G Prucalopride succinate - 1mg 1mg Tablet, film coated 2,015,764 L.L
D07AD01 CLOBEVAT G Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05% 0.05% Cream 302,045 L.L
J01CR02 CURAM G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 125mg 625mg Tablet, film coated 386,869 L.L
D07AD01 CLOBEVAT G Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05% 0.05% Ointment 302,045 L.L
J01MA02 CIPRO G Ciprofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 436,749 L.L
L01CD04 CABAZITAXEL EVER PHARMA G Cabazitaxel - 60mg/6ml 10mg/ml Injectable concentrate for solution L.L
J01MA02 CIPROCIN G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film-scored 240,548 L.L
J01CR02 CURAM G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 875mg, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 125mg 1g Tablet, film coated 520,619 L.L
J01MA02 CIPRODAR G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 392,402 L.L
R06AX13 CLARA G Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 131,697 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROFAR G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film-scored 241,892 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROLON 500 G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 295,645 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROMAX G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 392,402 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROMID G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 331,929 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROPHARM G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film-scored 354,774 L.L
R06AX13 CLARA G Loratadine (micronised) - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Syrup 215,015 L.L
M01AE01 CAPTAIN FORTE G Ibuprofen - 400mg 400mg Capsule, soft gelatin 508,740 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROFLOXACINE PANPHARMA G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 200mg/100ml 200mg/100ml Injectable solution 5,120,040 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROFLOXACINE PANPHARMA G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 200mg/100ml 200mg/100ml Injectable solution 5,120,040 L.L
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