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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C10AA07 UBSATOR-CA G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 499,142 L.L
C10AA07 UBSATOR-CA G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 499,142 L.L
A02BC01 ULCAZAL G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable sterile lyophilised powder for solution 895,895 L.L
A02BC01 ULCAZAL G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable sterile lyophilised powder for solution 5,916,747 L.L
A03CA02 ULCEDEX G Clidinium bromide - 2.5mg, Chlordiazepoxide - 5mg Tablet 222,694 L.L
R03AL04 ULTIBRO BREEZHALER B Indacaterol - 110mcg, Glycopyronium - 50mcg Capsule, inhalation 4,031,528 L.L
N01AH06 ULTIVA B Remifentanil (HCl) - 5mg 5mg Injectable powder for solution 2,990,050 L.L
N01AH06 ULTIVA B Remifentanil (HCl) - 2mg 2mg Injectable powder for solution 1,632,769 L.L
A07FA02 ULTRA LEVURE B Saccharomyces boulardii - 50mg 50mg Capsule 381,651 L.L
A07FA02 ULTRA LEVURE B Saccharomyces boulardii - 200mg 200mg Capsule 513,348 L.L
A07FA02 ULTRA LEVURE B Saccharomyces boulardii - 100mg 100mg Powder for suspension 536,193 L.L
B05AA01 UMAN ALBUMIN BioHuman Albumin human - 20g/100ml 10g/50ml Injectable solution 3,598,810 L.L
J02AC01 UNAZOL G Fluconazole - 150mg 150mg Capsule 149,742 L.L
A08AB01 UNI-CAL G Orlistat - 120mg 120mg Capsule 1,174,518 L.L
R03DC03 UNICAST G Montelukast (sodium) - 5mg 5mg Tablet, chewable 783,460 L.L
R03DC03 UNICAST G Montelukast (sodium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 802,274 L.L
R03DC03 UNICAST G Montelukast (sodium) - 4mg 4mg Tablet, chewable 783,460 L.L
L01XX05 UNIDREA G Hydroxycarbamide (or Hydroxyurea) - 500mg 500mg Capsule, hard 2,539,862 L.L
A10BG03 UNIGLIT G Pioglitazone HCl - 15mg 15mg Tablet 685,360 L.L
C02CA04 UNIPROST G Doxazosin - 4mg 4mg Tablet 452,875 L.L
N06AB05 UNIROX G Paroxetine (HCl) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 854,684 L.L
J02AC01 UNIZOL MS G Fluconazole - 200mg/100ml 200mg/100ml Injectable solution 1,419,098 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 200mcg 200mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 200mcg 200mcg Tablet, film coated 613,462,617 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 400mcg 400mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 600mcg 600mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 800mcg 800mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 1000mcg 1000mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 1200mcg 1200mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 1400mcg 1400mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
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