Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
N04BC07	DACEPTON	G	Apomorphine HCl - 30mg/3ml	30mg/3ml	Injectable solution	13,404,432 L.L
N06AX16	DEPREVIX HELLAS	G	Venlafaxine - 75mg	75mg	Capsule, prolonged release	564,414 L.L
R03AK07	BUFOMIX EASYHALER	G	Formoterol fumarate dihydrate - 4.5mcg/inhalation, Budesonide - 160mcg/inhalation		Metered dose inhaler	2,365,163 L.L
S01AA09	TETRACYCLINE EYE OINTMENT	G	Tetracycline HCl - 1%	1%	Ointment	71,672 L.L
A02BC02	PANTOMAX	G	Pantoprazole (sodium sesquihydrate) - 20mg	20mg	Tablet, enteric coated	837,214 L.L
A07XA04	RACECADOTRIL BGR	G	Racecadotril - 100mg	100mg	Capsule	575,165 L.L
B05CX01	DEXTROSE 7.5% INJECTION USP	G	Glucose - 7.5%	7.5%	Injectable solution	179,456 L.L
C05AE03	DILTIGEL	G	Diltiazem HCl - 2%	2%	Gel	632,950 L.L
C10AA07	ROVASTIN	G	Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg	10mg	Tablet	618,168 L.L
D10AD51	MEDCLINIDERM-T	G	Tretinoin - 0.025%, Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1%		Gel	801,186 L.L
J01DC02	CEFUZIME	G	Cefuroxime (sodium) - 750mg	750mg	Injectable dry powder	147,823 L.L
J01MA12	OXALEV	G	Levofloxacin - 500mg	500mg	Tablet, film coated	565,758 L.L
L01EX01	SOVIDEX	G	Sunitinib maleate - 25mg	25mg	Capsule	64,804,314 L.L
M01AH01	CELECOXIB BIOGARAN	G	Celecoxib - 200mg	200mg	Capsule	638,325 L.L
N02BE01	PARACETAMOL	G	Paracetamol - 500mg	500mg	Tablet	3,161,230 L.L
N04BC07	DACEPTON	G	Apomorphine HCl Hemihydrate - 100mg/20ml	100mg/20ml	Injectable solution	12,678,532 L.L
N06AX16	DEPREVIX HELLAS	G	Venlafaxine - 75mg	75mg	Capsule, prolonged release	564,414 L.L
R03AK07	BUFOMIX EASYHALER	G	Formoterol fumarate dihydrate - 4.5mcg/inhalation, Budesonide - 160mcg/inhalation		Metered dose inhaler	1,182,581 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRACIN	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops	322,522 L.L
A02BC02	RAZON 20	G	Pantoprazole (sodium) - 20mg	20mg	Tablet, enteric coated	747,176 L.L
A07XA04	RACECADOTRIL BIOGARAN CONSEIL	G	Racecadotril - 100mg	100mg	Capsule	287,582 L.L
B05CX01	DEXTROSE 7.5% INJECTION USP	G	Glucose - 7.5%	7.5%	Injectable solution	163,184 L.L
C05AX	HEMOCARE	G	Bismuth subgallate - 100mg, Zinc oxide - 100mg, Lidocaine - 60mg		Suppository	588,731 L.L
C10AA07	ROXARDIO	G	Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg	10mg	Tablet, film coated	720,525 L.L
D10AD51	CLINIDERM T	G	Tretinoin - 0.05%, Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1%		Gel	890,776 L.L
J01DC02	MAXIL 750	G	Cefuroxime - 750mg	750mg	Injectable dry powder	159,917 L.L
J01MA12	TAVAQUIN 500MG	G	Levofloxacin - 500mg	500mg	Tablet, film coated	787,492 L.L
M01AH01	JOSWE FLAMEX 200	G	Celecoxib - 200mg	200mg	Capsule	225,766 L.L
N06AX16	VENLAFAXINE ARROW GENERIQUES LP	G	Venlafaxine - 75mg	75mg	Tablet, prolonged release	1,075,074 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRASTILL	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops solution	258,018 L.L