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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A10BJ02 SAXENDA BioTech Liraglutide - 6mg/ml 6mg/ml Injectable solution 16,747,035 L.L
L04AC05 STELARA BioTech Ustekinumab - 90mg 90mg Injectable solution L.L
L04AB06 SIMPONI BioTech Golimumab - 50mg/0.5ml 50mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 72,719,241 L.L
L04AB06 SIMPONI BioTech Golimumab - 100mg/1ml 100mg/1ml Injectable solution 72,719,241 L.L
A10AE54 SULIQUA BioTech Insulin glargine - 100IU/ml, Lixisenatide - 50mcg/ml Injectable solution 11,286,573 L.L
L04AC02 SIMULECT BioTech Basiliximab - 20mg 20mg Injectable powder + solvent 131,822,828 L.L
A10AE54 SULIQUA BioTech Insulin glargine - 100IU/ml, Lixisenatide - 33mcg/ml Injectable solution 7,975,793 L.L
L04AC05 STELARA BioTech Ustekinumab - 45mg 45mg Injectable solution 151,777,679 L.L
L04AC05 STELARA BioTech Ustekinumab - 45mg 45mg Injectable solution 151,777,651 L.L
L04AC05 STELARA BioTech Ustekinumab - 90mg 90mg Injectable solution 151,777,679 L.L
L04AC05 STELARA BioTech Ustekinumab - 90mg 90mg Injectable solution 151,777,651 L.L
L04AC05 STELARA BioTech Ustekinumab - 130mg 130mg Injectable concentrate for solution 226,619,295 L.L
L04AC18 SKYRIZI BioTech Risankizumab - 75mg 75mg Injectable solution 194,911,251 L.L
L04AC18 SKYRIZI BioTech Risankizumab - 150mg 150mg Injectable solution 194,911,251 L.L
L01FG01 STIVANT BioTech Bevacizumab - 400mg/16ml 400mg/16ml Injectable concentrate for solution 27,359,527 L.L
L01FG01 STIVANT BioTech Bevacizumab - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable concentrate for solution 14,719,570 L.L
L01XX02 SPECTRILA BioTech Asparaginase, recombinant - 10,000IU 10,000IU Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 21,370,813 L.L
G04BD08 SOLIFAS G Solifenacin succinate - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 971,598 L.L
C10AA05 STORVAS G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 362,837 L.L
G04BD08 SOLIFENACINE ARROW G Solifenacin succinate - 10mg 10mg Tablet 952,784 L.L
M01AC02 SORAL G Tenoxicam - 20mg/2ml 20mg/2ml Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+solvent 588,603 L.L
A06AD61 SOFLAX G Lactose - less than 6g/100ml, Galactose - less than 11g/100ml, Lactulose - 67g/100ml Solution 258,018 L.L
A06AX01 SUPPOSITOIRE GLYCERINE ENFANT G Glycerol Stearate USP - Suppository 179,179 L.L
A06AX01 SUPPOSITOIRE GLYCERINE ENFANT G Glycerol Stearate USP - Suppository 179,179 L.L
G04BE03 SEGUREX G Sildenafil (citrate) - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 315,803 L.L
A06AX01 SUPPOSITOIRE GLYCERINE ADULTE G Glycerol Stearate USP - Suppository 179,179 L.L
A10BH01 SAGIFOR G Sitagliptin (HCl monohydrate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,242,606 L.L
A10BH01 SITAGLIPTINE ARROW G Sitagliptin - 100mg 100mg Tablet, coated 1,154,361 L.L
A10BH01 SITAGLIPTINE ARROW G Sitagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet, coated 1,139,578 L.L
R01AD09 SINOCORT METERED DOSE G Mometasone furoate - 0.05% 0.05% Spray, suspension 419,279 L.L
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