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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A11DB NEUROMED G Vitamin B12 - 200mcg, Vitamin B6 - 200mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Tablet, coated 257,250 L.L
A11DB NEURORUBINE-FORTE G Vitamin B12 - 1mg, Vitamin B6 - 50mg, Vitamin B1 - 200mg Tablet, film coated 262,049 L.L
N07AA01 NEOSTIGMINE RENAUDIN G Neostigmine - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Injectable solution 2,460,576 L.L
N03AF01 NEUROTOP RETARD G Carbamazepine - 600mg 600mg Tablet, prolonged release 1,569,608 L.L
H02AB04 NEPHARED G Methylprednisolone sodium succinate - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 188,138 L.L
N03AF01 NEUROTOP RETARD G Carbamazepine - 300mg 300mg Tablet, prolonged release 931,283 L.L
H02AB04 NEPHARED G Methylprednisolone sodium succinate - 125mg 125mg Injectable powder for solution 469,001 L.L
A03AB06 NOSPAZM G Otilonium bromide - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 282,207 L.L
C07AB12 NEBIVOLOL BIOGARAN G Nebivolol HCl - 5mg 5mg Tablet, scored 529,474 L.L
C07AB12 NEVILOC G Nebivolol HCl - 5mg 5mg Tablet 476,104 L.L
G03AA12 NAJAT G Drospirenone - 3mg, Ethinylestradiol - 0.03mg Tablet, coated 417,935 L.L
B05XA31 NUTRYELT G Zinc (gluconate) - 10000mcg/10ml, Copper (gluconate) - 300mcg/10ml, Manganese (gluconate) - 55mcg/10ml, Sodium fluoride - 950mcg/10ml, Iodine potassium iodide - 130mcg/10ml, Selenium (sodium salt) - 70mcg/10ml, Molybdenum (Sodium molybdate) - 20mcg/10ml, Chrome (chlorure) - 10mcg/10ml, Ferrous (gluconate) - 1000mcg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 3,483,240 L.L
M09AX NUCLEO C.M.P. FORTE G UTP+UDP+UMP - 3mg, CMP - 5mg Capsule 448,843 L.L
N03AX12 NEUROPLEX G Gabapentin - 300mg 300mg Capsule 1,107,326 L.L
A03FA03 NAUZEX G Domperidone - 10mg 10mg Tablet 258,530 L.L
A03FA03 NOVADOM G Domperidone - 10mg 10mg Tablet 278,175 L.L
N03AX12 NEUROPLEX G Gabapentin - 400mg 400mg Capsule 1,290,089 L.L
C08CA04 NICARDIPINE ARROW G Nicardipine chlorhydrate - 10mg/10ml 10mg/10ml Injectable solution 2,590,928 L.L
C08CA04 NICARDIPINE MEDIS G Nicardipine chlorhydrate - 10mg/10ml 10mg/10ml Injectable solution 1,295,464 L.L
C08CA05 NIFELAT R G Nifedipine - 20mg 20mg Tablet, sustained release 388,370 L.L
C08CA05 NIFELAT 30 LA G Nifedipine - 30mg 30mg Tablet, prolonged release 1,007,882 L.L
J05AG01 NEPINE G Nevirapine - 200mg 200mg Tablet 5,921,678 L.L
C08CA05 NIFELAT 60 LA G Nifedipine - 60mg 60mg Tablet, prolonged release 1,290,089 L.L
C08CA05 NIFE-PAR G Nifedipine - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Solution 36,667,942 L.L
A04AA01 NAUSETRON G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg 8mg Tablet, scored 1,023,880 L.L
J05AP08 NUCLEOBUVIR G Sofosbuvir - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 50,670,440 L.L
A04AA01 NOZENTRIX G Ondansetron - 8mg 8mg Tablet, film coated 1,075,074 L.L
C01CA03 NORADRENALINE NOREPINEPHRINE (tartrate) Aguettant G Norepinephrine tartrate - 2mg/ml 2mg/ml Injectable solution 1,896,162 L.L
C01CA03 NORADRENALINE NOREPINEPHRINE (tartrate) Aguettant G Norepinephrine tartrate - 2mg/ml 2mg/ml Injectable solution 1,896,162 L.L
C01CA03 NORADRENALINE RENAUDIN G Norepinephrine tartrate - 8mg/4ml 0.2% Injectable solution 2,000,981 L.L
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