Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

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All

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
C09DA06	ATACAND PLUS	B	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg		Tablet	705,517 L.L
L01BA04	ALIMTA	B	Pemetrexed (disodium) - 100mg	100mg	Injectable concentrated powder for solution	16,854,009 L.L
R06AX27	AERIUS	B	Desloratadine - 0.5mg/ml	0.5mg/ml	Solution	403,153 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOVEN 10%	B	Glacial Acetic Acid 99% - 5.297g/l, L-Proline - 15.0g/l, L-Alanine - 15.0g/l, Glycine - 14.0g/l, L-Histidine - 3.00g/l, L-Arginine - 12.0g/l, L-Valine - 6.20g/l, L-Tryptophan - 2.00g/l, L-Threonine - 4.40g/l, L-Phenylalanine - 5.10g/l, L-Methionine - 4.30g/l, L-Lysine (monoacetate) - 6.60g/l, L-Leucine - 7.40g/l, L-Isoleucine - 5.00g/l		Injectable solution	951,440 L.L
A16AB05	ALDURAZYME	B	Laronidase - 100U/ml	100U/ml	Injectable concentrate for solution	57,138,680 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOVEN INFANT	B	L-Leucine - 13g/l, L-Isoleucine - 8g/l, L-Lysine Acetate - 12g/l, L-Methionine - 3.12g/l, L-Phenylalanine - 3.75g/l, L-Threonine - 4.40g/l, L-Tryptophan - 2.01g/l, L-Valine - 9g/l, Arginine - 7.5g/l, L-Histidine - 4.76g/l, Glycine - 4.15g/l, L-Taurine - 0.40g/l, L-Serine - 7.67g/l, L-Alanine - 9.3g/l, L-Proline - 9.71g/l, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine - 5.176g/l, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine - 0.70g/l, L-Malic Acid - 2.62g/l	10%	Injectable solution	880,217 L.L
M01AH05	ARCOXIA	B	Etoricoxib - 60mg	60mg	Tablet, film coated	1,685,178 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOPLASMAL B. BRAUN	B	Amino acids - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	1,036,103 L.L
J02AA01	AMBISOME	B	Liposomal Amphotericin B - 50mg	50mg	Injectable powder for liposomal dispersion	13,126,040 L.L
A10BB12	AMARYL	B	Glimepiride - 1mg	1mg	Tablet	231,141 L.L
M01AH05	ARCOXIA	B	Etoricoxib - 90mg	90mg	Tablet, film coated	2,119,240 L.L
A10BB12	AMARYL	B	Glimepiride - 2mg	2mg	Tablet	233,829 L.L
M01AH05	ARCOXIA	B	Etoricoxib - 120mg	120mg	Tablet, film coated	603,385 L.L
C08CA01	AMLOR	B	Amlodipine besylate - 5mg	5mg	Capsule	560,382 L.L
L04AD02	ADVAGRAF	B	Tacrolimus monohydrate - 1mg	1mg	Capsule, prolonged release	L.L
C08CA01	AMLOR	B	Amlodipine besylate - 5mg	5mg	Capsule	560,382 L.L
R03AL01	ATROVENT COMP. HFA	B	Fenoterol Hydrobromide - 20mcg/actuation, Ipratropium bromide - 50mcg/actuation		Inhalation aerosol metered dose	544,256 L.L
L04AD02	ADVAGRAF	B	Tacrolimus monohydrate - 3mg	3mg	Capsule, prolonged release	L.L
A10BB12	AMARYL	B	Glimepiride - 3mg	3mg	Tablet	392,402 L.L
R03AL03	ANORO ELLIPTA	B	Vilanterol - 25mcg, Umeclidinium bromide - 62.5mcg		Inhalation powder	5,367,774 L.L
M02AA	AIRTAL DIFUCREM 1.5%	B	Aceclofenac - 1.5g/100g	1.5%	Cream	536,193 L.L
A10BB12	AMARYL	B	Glimepiride - 4mg	4mg	Tablet	392,402 L.L
L01ED03	ALECENSA	B	Alectinib - 150mg	150mg	Capsule, hard	L.L
R03BB01	ATROVENT	B	Ipratropium bromide - 250mcg/2ml	250mcg/2ml	Inhaltion solution with nebuliser	544,256 L.L
A10BD05	ACTOSMET	B	Metformin - 850mg, Pioglitazone - 15mg		Tablet, film coated	3,101,588 L.L
R03BB01	ATROVENT	B	Ipratropium bromide - 500mcg/2ml	500mcg/2ml	Inhaltion solution with nebuliser	713,580 L.L
M02AX10	ALGESAL SURACTIVE	B	Salycilic acid - 6.54g/100g, Diethylamine - 3.46g/100g, Myrtecaine - 1g/100g		Cream	1,006,538 L.L
R03BB01	ATROVENT N	B	Ipratropium bromide - 20mcg/actuation	20mcg/actuation	Inhalation aerosol metered dose	428,686 L.L
N06DA02	ARICEPT	B	Donepezil HCl - 5mg	5mg	Tablet, film coated	3,254,787 L.L
S01EA05	ALPHAGAN P	B	Brimonidine tartrate - 1.5mg/ml	0.15%	Drops solution	999,819 L.L

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