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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C10AA07 CRESULIP 20 G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 575,933 L.L
C10AA07 CRESTOR B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 804,962 L.L
C10AA07 CRESTOR B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 5mg 5mg Tablet 589,947 L.L
L01EJ01 CELEZON G Ruxolitinib - 15mg 15mg Tablet 188,515,591 L.L
L01EJ01 CELEZON G Ruxolitinib - 15mg 15mg Tablet L.L
L01EJ01 CELEZON G Ruxolitinib - 20mg 20mg Tablet 188,515,591 L.L
L01EJ01 CELEZON G Ruxolitinib - 20mg 20mg Tablet L.L
L01EJ01 CELEZON G Ruxolitinib - 5mg 5mg Tablet 95,532,998 L.L
L01EJ01 CELEZON G Ruxolitinib - 5mg 5mg Tablet L.L
R03AL02 COMBIVENT B Salbutamol (sulfate) - 2.5mg/2.5ml, Ipratropium bromide - 500mcg/2.5ml Inhaltion solution with nebuliser 745,833 L.L
R03AK06 CYVAX G Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 25mcg/inhalation, Fluticasone propionate - 250mcg/inhalation Inhalation suspension 1,710,712 L.L
L04AC10 COSENTYX BioTech Secukinumab - 150mg/ml 150mg/ml Injectable solution L.L
L04AC10 COSENTYX BioTech Secukinumab - 150mg/ml 150mg/ml Injectable solution 102,120,767 L.L
A07BA51 CARBOSYLANE B Simethicone (blue-red) - 45mg (blue-red), Activated charcoal (blue-red) - 140mg (blue-red) Capsule 585,915 L.L
A07BA51 CARBOSYMAG B Simethicone (green-orange) - 45mg (green-orange), Magnesium oxide (green) - 180mg (green), Activated charcoal (green-orange) - 140mg (green-orange) Capsule 384,339 L.L
B05XA03 CHLORURE DE SODIUM 0.9 pour cent Renaudin G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 385,683 L.L
B05XA03 CHLORURE DE SODIUM PROAMP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 1,104,639 L.L
B05XA03 CHLORURE DE SODIUM PROAMP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 705,517 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 17Solution for peritoneal dialysis stay safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 15g/l, Fructose , - up to 0.75g/l Injectable solution 629,916 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 17Solution for peritoneal dialysis sleep safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 15g/l, Fructose , - up to 0.75g/l Injectable solution 744,140 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 19Solution for peritoneal dialysis stay safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.73g/l, Fructose , - up to 1.1g/l Injectable solution 769,337 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 19Solution for peritoneal dialysis sleep safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.73g/l, Fructose , - up to 1.1g/l Injectable solution 744,140 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 2Solution for peritoneal dialysis stay safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.2573g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 15g/l, Glucose monohydrate - 16.5g/l Injectable solution 735,741 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 3Solution for peritoneal dialysis G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.2573g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 42.50g/l, Glucose monohydrate - 46.75g/l Injectable solution 769,337 L.L
A06AB58 CITRAFLEET G Sodium picosulfate - 10mg/sachet, Magnesium oxide (light) - 3.5g/sachet, Citric acid (anhydrous) - 10.97g/sachet, Potassium - 195mg/sachet Powder for solution 1,191,988 L.L
N03AG01 CONVULEX G Sodium valproate - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 4,441,399 L.L
N03AG01 CONVULEX G Sodium Valproate - 300mg/ml 300mg/ml Solution 1,018,633 L.L
N03AG01 CONVULEX RETARD G Sodium Valproate - 500mg 500mg Tablet, prolonged release 423,310 L.L
N03AG01 CONVULEX G Sodium Valproate - 50mg/ml 50mg/ml Syrup 213,671 L.L
H01AC01 CINNATROPIN BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 10mg/1.5ml 10mg/1.5ml Injectable solution L.L
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