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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
G04BE03 SILDENAFIL ARROW LAB G Sildenafil - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 3,192,970 L.L
A07EC02 SALCROZINE G Mesalazine - 500mg 500mg Tablet, gastroresistant 2,013,076 L.L
G04BE03 SILDENAFIL STRAGEN G Sildenafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, coated 38,048,630 L.L
A07EC02 SALCROZINE G Mesalazine - 1g 1g Tablet, gastroresistant 4,073,187 L.L
S03AA30 SULFACHLOR G Sulfacetamide sodium - 110mg/ml, Chloramphenicol - 5mg/ml Drops solution 202,216 L.L
A07EC02 SALCROZINE G Mesalazine - 500mg 500mg Suppository 576,508 L.L
A07EC02 SALCROZINE G Mesalazine - 1000mg 1000mg Suppository 2,306,034 L.L
N01AH03 SUFENTANIL RENAUDIN G Sufentanil (citrate) - 250mcg/5ml 250mcg/5ml Injectable solution 3,524,899 L.L
N01AH03 SUFENTANIL RENAUDIN G Sufentanil (citrate) - 5mcg/ml 10mcg/2ml Injectable solution 755,239 L.L
P01AB01 SOLUFLEX METRONIDAZOLE G Metronidazole - 500mg/100ml 500mg/100ml Injectable solution 162,541 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 193,062 L.L
P01AB07 SNAD G Secnidazole - 500mg 500mg Tablet 774,053 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 186,167 L.L
J01MA02 SUPERFLOX G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film-scored 458,250 L.L
N03AX09 SEIZET 25 G Lamotrigine - 25mg 25mg Tablet, dispersible/ chewable 573,821 L.L
P01AB07 SECNOL G Secnidazole anhydre - 2g 2g Granules 842,589 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 186,167 L.L
P01AB07 SECNOL G Secnidazole - 2g 2g Granules 842,589 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 205,703 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 221,792 L.L
C05AA01 SEDIPROCT G Hydrocortisone - 500mg, Cinchocaine HCl - 500mg Cream 290,270 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 185,018 L.L
C05AA01 SEDIPROCT G Hydrocortisone - 5mg, Cinchocaine HCl - 5mg, Framycetin sulfate - 10mg, Esculoside - 10mg Suppository 237,860 L.L
C05AA01 SINAHEAL-H G Hydrocortisone acetate - 5mg, Lidocaine - 60mg, Zinc oxide - 400mg, Aluminium Subacetate - 50mg Suppository 501,253 L.L
C05AA01 SINAHEAL-H G Hydrocortisone acetate - 0.275g/100g, Lidocaine - 5g/100g, Zinc oxide - 18g/100g, Aluminium Subacetate - 3.5g/100g Ointment 330,585 L.L
C10AA07 SINLIP G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 563,070 L.L
N05BA25 SEDOXIL G Mexazolam - 1mg 1mg Tablet 1,705,336 L.L
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