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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J02AC01 DIFLUCAN B Fluconazole - 150mg 150mg Capsule 286,238 L.L
N05AX08 RISPERDAL B Risperidone - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 306,396 L.L
R05CA12 PROSPAN COUGH LIQUID B Dried Ivy leaf extract - 35mg/5ml 35mg/5ml Liquid 353,431 L.L
S01XA18 RESTASIS B Ciclosporin - 0.5mg/ml 0.05% Emulsion 4,100,063 L.L
A09AA02 CREON 25,000 B Pancreatin protease - 1000FIP-U, Pancreatin amylase - 18000FIP-U, Pancreatin lipase - 25000FIP-U Capsule 4,598,629 L.L
C07AB03 TENORMIN B Atenolol - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 279,519 L.L
H01CC01 ORGALUTRAN B Ganirelix - 0.25mg/0.5ml 0.25mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 2,383,977 L.L
J01DD08 SUPRAX 100 B Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 581,884 L.L
M04AA01 ZYLORIC B Allopurinol - 300mg 300mg Tablet 302,365 L.L
R05CA12 PROSPAN COUGH SYRUP B Dried Ivy leaf extract - 35mg/5ml 35mg/5ml Solution 353,431 L.L
S01XA18 RESTASIS B Ciclosporin - 0.5mg/ml 0.05% Emulsion 4,100,063 L.L
B03AD MALTOFER FOL B Folic acid - 0.35mg, Iron trivalent (hydroxide polymaltose) - 100mg Tablet, chewable 854,684 L.L
G01AA51 POLYGYNAX B Nystatin - 100.000IU, Polymixin B sulfate - 35.000IU, Neomycin sulfate - 35.000IU Capsule, vaginal 407,184 L.L
H01CC02 CETROTIDE B Cetrorelix (acetate) - 0.25mg 0.25mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 3,420,079 L.L
C09DA03 CO-DIOVAN B Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 901,718 L.L
H01CC02 CETROTIDE B Cetrorelix (acetate) - 0.25mg 0.25mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 21,354,452 L.L
N03AA02 GARDENAL B Phenobarbital - 100mg 100mg Tablet 120,946 L.L
N07BC01 BUVIDAL B Buprenorphine - 8mg 8mg Injectable solution prolonged release 8,524,771 L.L
S01XA20 TEARS NATURALE B Duasorb - 0.4% 0.4% Drops solution 189,482 L.L
G01AC05 FLUOMIZIN B Dequalinium chloride - 10mg 10mg Tablet 775,397 L.L
H01CC02 CETROTIDE B Cetrorelix (acetate) - 0.25mg 0.25mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 21,354,452 L.L
L04AX04 REVLIMID B Lenalidomide - 5mg 5mg Capsule 105,106,076 L.L
N03AB02 EPANUTIN B Phenytoin sodium - 100mg 100mg Capsule 739,113 L.L
N07BC01 BUVIDAL B Buprenorphine - 16mg 16mg Injectable solution prolonged release 8,524,771 L.L
B03AD03 GYNO-TARDYFERON B Folic acid - 0.35mg, Ferrous (sulfate) - 80mg Tablet, sugar coated, slow release 682,672 L.L
H01CC02 CETROTIDE B Cetrorelix (acetate) - 0.25mg 0.25mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 3,420,079 L.L
J01DD08 SUPRAX 100 B Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 1,166,455 L.L
L01BC07 VIDAZA B Azacitidine - 100mg 100mg Injectable lyophilised powder 15,158,791 L.L
N05AX08 RISPERDAL B Risperidone - 4mg 4mg Tablet, film coated 498,566 L.L
N07BC01 BUVIDAL B Buprenorphine - 24mg 24mg Injectable solution prolonged release 8,524,771 L.L
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