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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01CA01 ANTALPEN FORTE G Ampicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Powder for suspension 206,056 L.L
J01FA09 CLAREM 250 G Clarithromycin - 250mg 250mg Tablet, film coated 467,657 L.L
J05AR01 LAMIVUDINE/ ZIDOVUDINE ARROW G Lamivudine - 150mg, Zidovudine - 300mg Tablet, coated, scored 15,643,319 L.L
L01EA01 IMATINIB NEAPOLIS G Imatinib - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 31,085,276 L.L
L02BB03 BICALUTAMIDE ACCORD G Bicalutamide - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,382,814 L.L
M01AB15 ALGIKEY G Ketorolac trometamine - 30mg/ml 30mg/ml Injectable solution 873,498 L.L
N01BB02 LIDOCAINE ARWAN G Lidocaine (HCl) - 1% 1% Injectable solution 1,995,158 L.L
N03AX14 LEVIPRAM 500 G Levetiracetam - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 1,663,805 L.L
P03AB02 GAMMA BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE G Lindane - 1% 1% Shampoo 195,817 L.L
R06AD02 PROMETAL G Promethazine - 25mg 25mg Tablet 8,003,607 L.L
V07AB01 STERILE WATER FOR INJECTION USP G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 264,311 L.L
B01AC04 CERUVIN G Clopidogrel (Bisulfate) - 75mg 75mg Tablet 240,548 L.L
B05BB02 5% DEXTROSE 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION G Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml Injectable solution 224,090 L.L
C01CA03 ? NORADRENALINE G Norepinephrine tartrate - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 330,201 L.L
C08DB01 ZALDEM G Diltiazem HCl - 60mg 60mg Tablet, scored 199,657 L.L
C09DX03 OLMENOR TRIPLE G Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Amlodipine (besylate) - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,067,011 L.L
D06AX01 DERMOFUCIN G Fusidic acid - 2% 2% Cream 290,270 L.L
J01CA01 ANTALPEN G Ampicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg 250mg Capsule 218,854 L.L
J01FA09 ERACID 250 G Clarithromycin - 250mg 250mg Tablet, film coated 446,156 L.L
L01EA01 IMATINIB NEAPOLIS G Imatinib - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 16,360,672 L.L
L02BB03 BICALUTAMIDE BIOGARAN G Bicalutamide - 50mg 50mg Tablet, coated 4,315,078 L.L
M01AB15 KETO-AVI G Ketorolac tromethamine - 30mg/ml 30mg/ml Injectable solution 106,164 L.L
N01BB02 CHLORHYDRATE DE LIDOCAINE RENAUDIN G Lidocaine (HCl) - 10mg/ml 1% Injectable solution 591,291 L.L
N03AX14 ZITERA G Levetiracetam - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 2,203,902 L.L
N05CF04 INDUCTAL G Eszopiclone - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 1,411,035 L.L
P03AB02 GAMMAPHARM G Lindane - 1% 1% Shampoo 195,817 L.L
V07AB01 STERILE WATER FOR IRRIGATION G Water for Irrigation - Water for injection, irrigation 203,481 L.L
A04AA01 ODNATRON G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 4mg/2ml 4mg/2ml Injectable solution 880,217 L.L
A10BD02 ORBIZIDE M FORTE G Metformin HCl - 500mg, Gliclazide - 80mg Tablet 771,750 L.L
B01AC04 CLODOR G Clopidogrel (Bisulfate) - 75mg 75mg Tablet 1,148,025 L.L
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