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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome
| Generalities | |
|---|---|
| Agent | Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae |
| Incubation period | 14-17 days (range 14-21 days) |
| Period of transmissibility | - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset - From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth |
| Reservoir | Humans |
| Modes of transmission | - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets - Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine. - Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week. |
| Clinical presentation | - Febril maculo-papular rash - Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis - Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease |
| Resources | |
| Case definitions | - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella - MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome |
| Forms | - Rash reporting form - CRS reporting form - Rash investigation form - CRS investigation form |
| Data | - Rubella 2021 - Rubella 2020 - Rubella 2019 - Rubella 2018 - Rubella 2017 - Rubella 2016 - Rubella 2015 |
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