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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N06AB06 PMS-SERTRALINE G Sertraline HCl - 100mg 100mg Capsule 2,015,764 L.L
N06AB06 SERTRALINE BIOGARAN G Sertraline HCl - 25mg 25mg Capsule 130,353 L.L
L04AA27 SCLEMOD G Fingolimod Hydrochloride - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule L.L
L04AA06 CELLCEPT B Mycophenolate mofetil - 250mg 250mg Capsule 6,083,575 L.L
J01CR50 FLUMOX G Flucloxacillin (monohydrate) - 250mg, Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg Capsule 348,055 L.L
J01DB01 KEFLEX B Cefalexin (monohydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 659,123 L.L
A07FA02 ULTRA LEVURE B Saccharomyces boulardii - 50mg 50mg Capsule 381,651 L.L
A11AA PANTOGAR B P-aminobenzoic acid - 20mg, Keratine - 20mg, Medical yeast - 100mg, Thiamine mononitrate - 60mg, L-Cystine - 20mg, Calcium D-pantothenate - 60mg Capsule 2,005,013 L.L
A07FA02 ULTRA LEVURE B Saccharomyces boulardii - 200mg 200mg Capsule 513,348 L.L
C04AX21 NAFTILUX B Naftidrofuryl oxalate acid - 200mg 200mg Capsule 432,717 L.L
A07FA51 INFLORAN B Bifidobacterium infantis - 1milliard, Lactobacillus acidophilus - 1milliard Capsule 647,732 L.L
A11AA VITA-FERIN C G Manganese sulfate - 0.77mg, Copper sulfate - 0.72mg, Iron fumarate - 0.022g, Vitamin C - 0.15g, Vitamin B5 - 0.01g, Vitamin B3 - 0.022g, Vitamin B6 - 0.002g, Vitamin B2 - 0.002g, Vitamin B1 - 0.01g Capsule 1,217,521 L.L
L01EL02 CALQUENCE B Acalabrutinib - 100mg 100mg Capsule 650,653,454 L.L
L04AA27 GILENYA B Fingolimod - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 159,392,560 L.L
A07XA04 RACECADOTRIL ARROW G Racecadotril - 100mg 100mg Capsule 583,228 L.L
J01DB05 BIODROXIL G Cefadroxil (monohydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 477,474 L.L
A07XA04 RACECADOTRIL BGR G Racecadotril - 100mg 100mg Capsule 575,165 L.L
J01DB05 CEFADRIL G Cefadroxil (monohydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 450,187 L.L
L04AA27 PMS-FINGOLIMOD G Fingolimod Hydrochloride - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 19,351,580 L.L
A07XA04 RACECADOTRIL BIOGARAN CONSEIL G Racecadotril - 100mg 100mg Capsule 287,582 L.L
A11CC03 ONE-ALPHA B Alfacalcidol - 1mcg 1mcg Capsule 3,735,882 L.L
J01DB05 ROXIL G Cefadroxil (monohydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 869,466 L.L
L04AA27 SCLEMOD G Fingolimod Hydrochloride - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 18,264,981 L.L
L01EX01 SUTENT B Sunitinib maleate - 12.5mg 12.5mg Capsule 54,006,801 L.L
L04AA27 SCLEMOD G Fingolimod Hydrochloride - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 17,079,643 L.L
A11CC03 ONE-ALPHA B Alfacalcidol - 0.25mcg 0.25mcg Capsule 1,138,235 L.L
B02BX01 DICYNONE B Etamsylate - 500mg 500mg Capsule 1,311,590 L.L
L01EX01 SOVIDEX G Sunitinib maleate - 12.5mg 12.5mg Capsule 36,042,560 L.L
N04BB01 SYMMETREL B Amantadine - 100mg 100mg Capsule 568,253 L.L
A08AB01 XENICAL B Orlistat - 120mg 120mg Capsule 4,036,903 L.L
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