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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B03BB01 FOLICIL G Folic acid - 5mg 5mg Tablet 584,571 L.L
J02AC01 FLUZAN 50 G Fluconazole - 50mg 50mg Tablet 719,276 L.L
G01AC05 FLUOMIZIN B Dequalinium chloride - 10mg 10mg Tablet 775,397 L.L
J02AC01 FLUZAN G Fluconazole - 150mg 150mg Tablet 231,653 L.L
M05BA04 FOSAMAX 70MG ONCE WEEKLY B Alendronate - 70mg 70mg Tablet 1,988,887 L.L
M05BB03 FOSAVANCE B Alendronic acid (sodium alendronate) - 70mg, Colecalciferol - 5600IU Tablet 1,988,887 L.L
J01AA02 FARMODOXI G Doxycycline (hyclate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet 310,428 L.L
V03AE03 FOSRENOL B Lanthanum Carbonate - 500mg 500mg Tablet, chewable 18,751,847 L.L
V03AE03 FOSRENOL B Lanthanum Carbonate - 750mg 750mg Tablet, chewable 24,138,283 L.L
R06AX26 FENADEX 120 G Fexofenadine HCl - 120mg 120mg Tablet, coated 295,645 L.L
R06AX26 FENADEX 180 G Fexofenadine HCl - 180mg 180mg Tablet, coated 295,645 L.L
R05CB01 FLUIMUCIL B N-acetylcysteine - 600mg 600mg Tablet, effervescent 567,102 L.L
N03AX22 FYCOMPA B Perampanel - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 12,176,386 L.L
A10BD20 FLORIMET 5/1000 G Metformin - 1000mg, Empagliflozin - 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,836,585 L.L
A02BA03 FAMODAR 20 G Famotidine - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 552,319 L.L
A02BA03 FAMONOR G Famotidine - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 220,390 L.L
A02BA03 FAMODAR 40 G Famotidine - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 552,319 L.L
A02BA03 FAMONOR G Famotidine - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 439,436 L.L
M01AE51 FLUMIX BENTA G Ibuprofen - 200mg, Guaifenesin - 200mg, Chlorpheniramine maleate - 2mg, Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg Tablet, film coated 875,417 L.L
M01AE51 FLUMIX BENTA G Ibuprofen - 200mg, Guaifenesin - 200mg, Chlorpheniramine maleate - 2mg, Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg Tablet, film coated 460,746 L.L
J01MA12 FLOBIOX G Levofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 629,686 L.L
J01MA12 FLOBIOX G Levofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 794,787 L.L
J01MA12 FLOXIN-L 500 G Levofloxacin (hemihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 831,903 L.L
A10BK01 FORXIGA B Dapagliflozin - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,927,964 L.L
A10BK03 FLORIANCE 25 G Empagliflozin - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,791,790 L.L
J01MA12 FLOBIOX G Levofloxacin - 750mg 750mg Tablet, film coated 945,809 L.L
A10BK03 FLORIANCE 10 G Empagliflozin - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,791,790 L.L
J01MA14 FLOXIMOX G Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 1,062,276 L.L
G04CB01 FINASTEKERN G Finasteride - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 560,382 L.L
B03AA02 FEOSTA G Ferrous fumarate - 200mg 200mg Tablet, film coated 682,160 L.L
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