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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B02BA01 PHYTOMENADIONE (VITAMINE K1) PANPHARMA G Phytomenadione - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Solution 740,457 L.L
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 205,933 L.L
C03DA04 EPLERENONE ARROW G Eplerenone - 25mg 25mg Tablet, coated 1,744,308 L.L
C09CA04 CONVERIUM G Irbesartan - 150mg 150mg Tablet 585,915 L.L
C10AA05 ATORVASTATINE ARROW GENERIQUES G Atorvastatin - 80mg 80mg Tablet, coated 564,414 L.L
J01DC02 CEFUZIME G Cefuroxime (axetil) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 490,503 L.L
L01AC01 TEPADINA G Thiotepa - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 98,197,306 L.L
N02BE01 ADOL G Paracetamol - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Suspension, alcohol free 192,169 L.L
N06BA07 MODAFINIL ARROW G Modafinil - 100mg 100mg Tablet 5,361,932 L.L
R03BB01 IPRAVENT G Ipratropium bromide - 20mcg/2ml 20mcg/2ml Inhalation solution 630,262 L.L
A07AA02 MEDISTAN G Nystatin - 500,000IU/5ml 500,000IU/5ml Suspension 415,951 L.L
A10BH05 INAGLIP G Linagliptin - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,242,606 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 174,062 L.L
C03DA04 EPLERENONE ARROW G Eplerenone - 25mg 25mg Tablet, coated 1,744,308 L.L
C09CA04 GIZLAN G Irbesartan - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 748,520 L.L
C10AA05 ATORVASTATINE ARROW GENERIQUES G Atorvastatin - 80mg 80mg Tablet, coated 564,414 L.L
D10AD03 DIFADERM G Adapalene - 0.3% 0.3% Gel 952,208 L.L
J01DC02 ZINOXIMOR G Cefuroxime (axetil) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 698,798 L.L
J01MA14 AVITAR 400 G Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 913,813 L.L
M01AX05 DONA G Glucosamine hemisulfate - 1500mg 1500mg Powder for solution 1,615,299 L.L
N02BE01 PARACETAMOL PANPHARMA G Paracetamol - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution 1,959,322 L.L
N06BA09 APO-ATOMOXETINE G Atomoxetine (HCl) - 60mg 60mg Capsule 4,731,669 L.L
A07AA02 MEDISTAN G Nystatin - 200.000IU 200.000IU Lozenge 418,511 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 174,062 L.L
C03DA04 EPLERENONE BIOGARAN G Eplerenone - 25mg 25mg Tablet, coated 1,849,127 L.L
C09CA04 IBECARD 150- IPS G Irbesartan - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 564,414 L.L
C10AA05 TARDELIP G Atorvastatin - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 1,055,876 L.L
G04BX14 LEJAM G Dapoxetine (hydrochloride) - 30mg 30mg Tablet, film coated 1,269,931 L.L
J01DC02 AXETINE G Cefuroxime sodium - 1.5g 1.5g Injectable powder for solution 2,273,782 L.L
J01MA14 AVITAR 400 G Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 651,764 L.L
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