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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A10AB01 HUMULIN R U-100 BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 701,486 L.L
L01FD01 TRASTUREL BioTech Trastuzumab - 440mg 440mg Injectable lyophilised powder 52,047,114 L.L
L04AC07 ACTEMRA BioTech Tocilizumab - 80mg/4ml 80mg/4ml Injectable concentrated solution 11,127,864 L.L
A10AB01 JUSLINE R BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 401,809 L.L
L01FD01 TRAZIMERA BioTech Trastuzumab - 440mg 440mg Injectable powder for solution+solvent 75,295,202 L.L
L04AC07 ACTEMRA BioTech Tocilizumab - 162mg/0.9ml 162mg/0.9ml Injectable solution 79,959,812 L.L
A10AB04 HUMALOG KWIKPEN BioTech Insulin lispro - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 3,950,897 L.L
D11AH05 DUPIXENT BioTech Dupilumab - 300mg 300mg Injectable solution 123,001,362 L.L
L01FD01 ARYOTRUST BioTech Trastuzumab - 150mg 150mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 21,176,745 L.L
L04AC07 ACTEMRA BioTech Tocilizumab - 200mg/10ml 200mg/10ml Injectable concentrated solution 25,485,937 L.L
A10AB04 PROLOG BioTech Insulin lispro - 100U/ml 100U/ml Injectable solution 637,365 L.L
D11AH05 DUPIXENT BioTech Dupilumab - 300mg 300mg Injectable solution 123,001,362 L.L
H01AC01 CINNATROPIN BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 5mg/1.5ml 5mg/1.5ml Injectable solution 4,699,417 L.L
L01FD01 HERZUMA BioTech Trastuzumab - 150mg 150mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 36,062,671 L.L
L04AC07 ACTEMRA BioTech Tocilizumab - 400mg/20ml 400mg/20ml Injectable concentrated solution 47,925,322 L.L
A10AB04 PROLOG BioTech Insulin lispro - 100U/ml 100U/ml Injectable solution 2,126,343 L.L
D11AH05 DUPIXENT BioTech Dupilumab - 200mg 200mg Injectable solution 123,001,362 L.L
H01AC01 GENOTROPIN BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 5.3mg/1.15ml 5.3mg/1.15ml Injectable powder for solution+diluent 4,724,854 L.L
L01FD01 TRAZIMERA BioTech Trastuzumab - 150mg 150mg Injectable powder for solution 28,550,630 L.L
L04AC10 COSENTYX BioTech Secukinumab - 150mg/ml 150mg/ml Injectable solution 70,463,329 L.L
A10AB04 PROLOG BioTech Insulin lispro - 100U/ml 100U/ml Injectable solution 883,480 L.L
D11AH05 DUPIXENT BioTech Dupilumab - 200mg 200mg Injectable solution 123,001,362 L.L
H01AC01 HHT BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 16IU (5.32mg) 16IU (5.32mg) Injectable freeze dried powder + diluent 4,078,562 L.L
L01FD01 KANJINTI BioTech Trastuzumab - 420mg 420mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 79,305,881 L.L
L04AC13 TALTZ BioTech Ixekizumab - 80mg/ml 80mg/ml Injectable solution 85,080,792 L.L
A10AB04 HUMALOG BioTech Insulin lispro - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable suspension 1,988,887 L.L
H01AC01 NORDITROPIN NORDIFLEX BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 5mg/1.5ml 5mg/1.5ml Injectable solution 7,582,922 L.L
L01FD02 PERJETA 420MG BioTech Pertuzumab - 420mg/14ml 420mg/14ml Injectable concentrate for solution 220,054,714 L.L
L04AC16 TREMFYA BioTech Guselkumab - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 190,195,151 L.L
A10AB04 PROLOG BioTech Insulin lispro - 100U/ml 100U/ml Injectable suspension 1,503,312 L.L
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