Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
N05AX08	RISPERDAL	B	Risperidone - 1mg	1mg	Tablet, film coated	306,396 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOVEN 10%	B	Glacial Acetic Acid 99% - 5.297g/l, L-Proline - 15.0g/l, L-Alanine - 15.0g/l, Glycine - 14.0g/l, L-Histidine - 3.00g/l, L-Arginine - 12.0g/l, L-Valine - 6.20g/l, L-Tryptophan - 2.00g/l, L-Threonine - 4.40g/l, L-Phenylalanine - 5.10g/l, L-Methionine - 4.30g/l, L-Lysine (monoacetate) - 6.60g/l, L-Leucine - 7.40g/l, L-Isoleucine - 5.00g/l		Injectable solution	951,440 L.L
C07AG02	DILATREND	B	Carvedilol - 6.25mg	6.25mg	Tablet, scored	364,181 L.L
D01AE14	MYCOSTER	B	Ciclopirox - 8g/100g	8%	Film forming solution	756,583 L.L
L01BC08	DACOGEN	B	Decitabine - 50mg	50mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution	87,048,758 L.L
N05AX08	RISPERDAL	B	Risperidone - 1mg	1mg	Tablet, film coated	306,396 L.L
A10BA02	GLUCOPHAGE XR	B	Metformin HCl - 500mg	500mg	Tablet, prolonged release	465,968 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOVEN INFANT	B	L-Leucine - 13g/l, L-Isoleucine - 8g/l, L-Lysine Acetate - 12g/l, L-Methionine - 3.12g/l, L-Phenylalanine - 3.75g/l, L-Threonine - 4.40g/l, L-Tryptophan - 2.01g/l, L-Valine - 9g/l, Arginine - 7.5g/l, L-Histidine - 4.76g/l, Glycine - 4.15g/l, L-Taurine - 0.40g/l, L-Serine - 7.67g/l, L-Alanine - 9.3g/l, L-Proline - 9.71g/l, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine - 5.176g/l, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine - 0.70g/l, L-Malic Acid - 2.62g/l	10%	Injectable solution	880,217 L.L
C09DA08	VOTUM PLUS	B	Olmesartan medoxomil - 20mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg		Tablet, film coated	900,374 L.L
D01AE14	MYCOSTER	B	Ciclopirox - 8g/100g	8%	Film forming solution	756,583 L.L
L01BC08	DACOGEN	B	Decitabine - 50mg	50mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution	87,048,758 L.L
N06DX01	EBIXA	B	Memantine - 20mg	20mg	Tablet, film coated	4,004,651 L.L
A16AB02	CEREZYME	B	Imiglucerase - 400IU	400IU	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution	128,412,818 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOPLASMAL B. BRAUN	B	Amino acids - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	1,036,103 L.L
D01AE14	MYCOSTER	B	Ciclopirox - 1%	1%	Cream	284,895 L.L
L01BC59	LONSURF	B	Trifluridine - 20mg, Tipiracil - 8.19mg		Tablet, film coated	75,019,126 L.L
M04AA01	ZYLORIC	B	Allopurinol - 100mg	100mg	Tablet	278,175 L.L
S01GA51	NAPHCON A	B	Naphazoline HCl - 0.025%, Pheniramine maleate - 0.3%		Drops solution	369,557 L.L
C07AG02	DILATREND	B	Carvedilol - 25mg	25mg	Tablet, scored	598,010 L.L
C09DA09	EDARBYCLOR	B	Azilsartan medoxomil - 40mg, Chlortalidone - 12.5mg		Tablet, film coated	1,846,440 L.L
D01AE15	LAMISIL	B	Terbinafine HCl - 10mg/g	1%	Cream	616,824 L.L
G02BA	NUVARING	B	Etonogestrel - 0.12mg/day, Ethinylestradiol - 0.015mg/day		Ring	1,052,229 L.L
H02AB04	SOLU MEDROL	B	Methylprednisolone sodium succinate - 500mg	500mg	Injectable powder for solution	718,956 L.L
J02AC03	VFEND	B	Voriconazole - 200mg	200mg	Tablet, film coated	51,904,550 L.L
L01BC59	LONSURF	B	Trifluridine - 15mg, Tipiracil - 6.14mg		Tablet, film coated	58,102,683 L.L
N02CC04	MAXALT	B	Rizatriptan (benzoate) - 10mg		Tablet	439,436 L.L
R03DX10	FASENRA	B	Benralizumab - 30mg	30mg	Injectable solution	214,213,273 L.L
A16AB05	ALDURAZYME	B	Laronidase - 100U/ml	100U/ml	Injectable concentrate for solution	57,138,680 L.L
C09DA09	EDARBYCLOR	B	Azilsartan medoxomil - 40mg, Chlortalidone - 25mg		Tablet, film coated	1,846,440 L.L
G02BA03	MIRENA 20mcg/24h Levonorgestrel	B	Levonorgestrel - 20mcg/24h	20mcg/24h	Implant	10,530,753 L.L