Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
B05DA	EXTRANEAL (ICODEXTRIN 7.5%) TWIN BAG	B	Sodium lactate - 4.5g/l, Magnesium Chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.257g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.4g/l, Icodextrin - 75.0 g/l		Injectable solution	1,998,025 L.L
G04CA02	OMNIC OCAS	B	Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg	0.4mg	Tablet, film coated, prolonged release	866,778 L.L
L01EX10	RYDAPT	B	Midostaurin - 25mg	25mg	Capsule, soft	1,163,291,105 L.L
L04AA42	MAYZENT	B	Siponimod - 0.25mg	0.25mg	Tablet, film coated	124,258,444 L.L
M01AH05	ARCOXIA	B	Etoricoxib - 90mg	90mg	Tablet, film coated	2,119,240 L.L
N05AD01	HALDOL DECANOAS	B	Haloperidol (Decanoate) - 50mg/ml	50mg/ml	Injectable solution	444,812 L.L
B05DA	EXTRANEAL (ICODEXTRIN 7.5%) SINGLE BAG	B	Sodium lactate - 4.5g/l, Magnesium Chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.257g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.4g/l, Icodextrin - 75.0 g/l		Injectable solution	1,998,025 L.L
D10AF51	DUAC ONCE DAILY	B	Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1%, Benzoyl peroxide - 5%		Gel	1,658,302 L.L
L01EX10	RYDAPT	B	Midostaurin - 25mg	25mg	Capsule, soft	581,645,553 L.L
L04AA42	MAYZENT	B	Siponimod - 2mg	2mg	Tablet, film coated	124,258,444 L.L
C02KX04	OPSUMIT	B	Macitentan - 10mg	10mg	Tablet, film coated	L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 1.36% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 13.6g/l	1.36%	Injectable solution	1,163,270 L.L
D10AX03	SKINOREN	B	Azelaic acid - 0.2g/g	0.2g/g	Cream	722,987 L.L
J01MA14	AVALOX	B	Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 400mg/250ml	400mg/250ml	Injectable solution	9,052,935 L.L
L04AA44	RINVOQ	B	Upadacitinib - 15mg	15mg	Tablet, prolonged release	45,469,094 L.L
R03AL03	ANORO ELLIPTA	B	Vilanterol - 25mcg, Umeclidinium bromide - 62.5mcg		Inhalation powder	5,367,774 L.L
S01AE03	CILOXAN	B	Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 3mg/ml	3mg/ml	Drops solution	348,055 L.L
B03AB09	FERPLEX	B	Iron trivalent (ferric proteinsuccinylate) - 800mg	800mg	Solution	1,202,739 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 1.36% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 13.6g/l		Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
C05CA53	DAFLON	B	Hesperidin - 50mg, Diosmin - 450mg		Tablet, film coated	627,574 L.L
C09CA08	OLMETEC	B	Olmesartan medoxomil - 10mg	10mg	Tablet, film coated	710,893 L.L
L01AX03	TEMODAL	B	Temozolomide - 100mg	100mg	Capsule	7,731,224 L.L
R03AL04	ULTIBRO BREEZHALER	B	Indacaterol - 110mcg, Glycopyronium - 50mcg		Capsule, inhalation	4,031,528 L.L
B03AC	VENOFER I.V.	B	Iron (sucrose) - 100mg/5ml	100mg/5ml	Injectable concentrated solution	3,594,779 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 2.27% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l		Injectable solution	1,163,270 L.L
C05CA53	DAFLON	B	Hesperidin - 50mg, Diosmin - 450mg		Tablet, film coated	1,191,988 L.L
C09CA08	VOTUM	B	Olmesartan medoxomil - 10mg	10mg	Tablet, film coated	753,896 L.L
J01MA17	KINODROX	B	Prulifloxacin - 600mg	600mg	Tablet, film coated	1,407,835 L.L
R03AL06	SPIOLTO RESPIMAT	B	Olodaterol HCl - 2.5mcg/puff, Tiotropium bromide monohydrate - 2.5mcg/puff		Inhalation solution	5,087,788 L.L
L01XX41	HALAVEN	B	Eribulin mesylate - 0.88mg/2ml	0.88mg/2ml	Injectable solution	L.L