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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05DA EXTRANEAL (ICODEXTRIN 7.5%) TWIN BAG B Sodium lactate - 4.5g/l, Magnesium Chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.257g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.4g/l, Icodextrin - 75.0 g/l Injectable solution 1,998,025 L.L
G04CA02 OMNIC OCAS B Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg 0.4mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 866,778 L.L
L01EX10 RYDAPT B Midostaurin - 25mg 25mg Capsule, soft 1,163,291,105 L.L
L04AA42 MAYZENT B Siponimod - 0.25mg 0.25mg Tablet, film coated 124,258,444 L.L
M01AH05 ARCOXIA B Etoricoxib - 90mg 90mg Tablet, film coated 2,119,240 L.L
N05AD01 HALDOL DECANOAS B Haloperidol (Decanoate) - 50mg/ml 50mg/ml Injectable solution 444,812 L.L
B05DA EXTRANEAL (ICODEXTRIN 7.5%) SINGLE BAG B Sodium lactate - 4.5g/l, Magnesium Chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.257g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.4g/l, Icodextrin - 75.0 g/l Injectable solution 1,998,025 L.L
D10AF51 DUAC ONCE DAILY B Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1%, Benzoyl peroxide - 5% Gel 1,658,302 L.L
L01EX10 RYDAPT B Midostaurin - 25mg 25mg Capsule, soft 581,645,553 L.L
L04AA42 MAYZENT B Siponimod - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 124,258,444 L.L
C02KX04 OPSUMIT B Macitentan - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated L.L
B05DB DIANEAL PD4 1.36% GLUCOSE B Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 13.6g/l 1.36% Injectable solution 1,163,270 L.L
D10AX03 SKINOREN B Azelaic acid - 0.2g/g 0.2g/g Cream 722,987 L.L
J01MA14 AVALOX B Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 400mg/250ml 400mg/250ml Injectable solution 9,052,935 L.L
L04AA44 RINVOQ B Upadacitinib - 15mg 15mg Tablet, prolonged release 45,469,094 L.L
R03AL03 ANORO ELLIPTA B Vilanterol - 25mcg, Umeclidinium bromide - 62.5mcg Inhalation powder 5,367,774 L.L
S01AE03 CILOXAN B Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops solution 348,055 L.L
B03AB09 FERPLEX B Iron trivalent (ferric proteinsuccinylate) - 800mg 800mg Solution 1,202,739 L.L
B05DB DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 1.36% GLUCOSE B Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 13.6g/l Injectable solution 1,150,329 L.L
C05CA53 DAFLON B Hesperidin - 50mg, Diosmin - 450mg Tablet, film coated 627,574 L.L
C09CA08 OLMETEC B Olmesartan medoxomil - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 710,893 L.L
L01AX03 TEMODAL B Temozolomide - 100mg 100mg Capsule 7,731,224 L.L
R03AL04 ULTIBRO BREEZHALER B Indacaterol - 110mcg, Glycopyronium - 50mcg Capsule, inhalation 4,031,528 L.L
B03AC VENOFER I.V. B Iron (sucrose) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 3,594,779 L.L
B05DB DIANEAL PD4 2.27% GLUCOSE B Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l Injectable solution 1,163,270 L.L
C05CA53 DAFLON B Hesperidin - 50mg, Diosmin - 450mg Tablet, film coated 1,191,988 L.L
C09CA08 VOTUM B Olmesartan medoxomil - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 753,896 L.L
J01MA17 KINODROX B Prulifloxacin - 600mg 600mg Tablet, film coated 1,407,835 L.L
R03AL06 SPIOLTO RESPIMAT B Olodaterol HCl - 2.5mcg/puff, Tiotropium bromide monohydrate - 2.5mcg/puff Inhalation solution 5,087,788 L.L
L01XX41 HALAVEN B Eribulin mesylate - 0.88mg/2ml 0.88mg/2ml Injectable solution L.L
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