Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
J01XA02	TARGOCID	B	Teicoplanin - 400mg	400mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent	1,331,748 L.L
M02AA15	VOLTAREN EMULGEL 12HRS	B	Diclofenac Diethylamine - 23.2mg/g	23.2mg/g	Gel	1,169,143 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 2.27% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l		Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
C05CA54	GINKOR FORT	B	Heptaminol HCl - 0.300g, Troxerutine - 0.300g, Ginkgo biloba extract - 0.014g		Capsule	681,328 L.L
C10AA07	CRESTOR	B	Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 40mg	40mg	Tablet, film coated	804,962 L.L
J01DD04	ROCEPHIN IM	B	Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g	1g	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent	731,050 L.L
M02AA15	VOLTAREN EMULGEL 12HRS	B	Diclofenac Diethylamine - 23.2mg/g	23.2mg/g	Gel	717,612 L.L
A09AA02	CREON 10,000	B	Pancreatin protease - 600FIP-U, Pancreatin amylase - 8,000FIP-U, Pancreatin lipase - 10,000FIP-U		Capsule	1,835,689 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 3.86% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l		Injectable solution	1,111,506 L.L
C05CX	TANAKAN	B	Ginkgo biloba - 40mg	40mg	Tablet, film coated	600,698 L.L
C09CA08	OLMETEC	B	Olmesartan medoxomil - 20mg	20mg	Tablet, film coated	888,280 L.L
J01XA02	TARGOCID	B	Teicoplanin - 200mg	200mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent	714,924 L.L
N02BE51	PANADOL NIGHT	B	Paracetamol - 500mg, Diphenhydramine HCl - 25mg	500mg	Caplet	315,803 L.L
N06DA02	ARICEPT	B	Donepezil HCl - 5mg	5mg	Tablet, film coated	3,254,787 L.L
A09AA02	CREON 25,000	B	Pancreatin protease - 1000FIP-U, Pancreatin amylase - 18000FIP-U, Pancreatin lipase - 25000FIP-U		Capsule	4,598,629 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 3.86% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l		Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
C05CX	TANAKAN	B	Ginkgo biloba - 40mg	40mg	Tablet, film coated	1,662,333 L.L
C09CA08	VOTUM	B	Olmesartan medoxomil - 20mg	20mg	Tablet, film coated	954,128 L.L
M02AA31	ROXONIN	B	Loxoprofen (Sodium) - 60mg	60mg	Tablet	788,836 L.L
N02BE51	PANADOL SINUS	B	Paracetamol - 500mg, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 30mg		Caplet	228,453 L.L
B05XA	PEDITRACE	B	Sodium selenite 5H2O (anhydrous) - 6.66mcg/ml, Sodium fluoride - 126mcg/ml, Potassium iodide - 1.31mcg/ml, Zinc chloride - 521mcg/ml, Copper chloride - 53.7mcg/ml, Manganese chloride 4H2O - 3.6mcg/ml		Injectable concentrated solution	4,749,139 L.L
C09CA08	VOTUM	B	Olmesartan medoxomil - 20mg	20mg	Tablet, film coated	954,128 L.L
D11AF	VERRUMAL	B	Fluorouracil - 0.5g/100g, Salicylic acid - 10g/100g		Solution	529,474 L.L
L01BA04	ALIMTA	B	Pemetrexed (disodium) - 100mg	100mg	Injectable concentrated powder for solution	16,854,009 L.L
M02AA31	ROXONIN	B	Loxoprofen (Sodium) - 60mg	60mg	Tablet	1,295,464 L.L
N05AH03	ZYPREXA	B	Olanzapine - 10mg	10mg	Tablet	1,468,820 L.L
S01EC04	AZOPT	B	Brinzolamide - 10mg/ml	10mg/ml	Drops suspension	804,962 L.L
B03AB09	FERPLEX	B	Iron trivalent (ferric proteinsuccinylate) - 800mg	800mg	Solution	1,202,739 L.L
D11AH01	PROTOPIC	B	Tacrolimus monohydrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Ointment	2,127,303 L.L
G04CB02	AVODART	B	Dutasteride - 0.5mg	0.5mg	Capsule	2,660,787 L.L