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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B02BX05 REVOLADE B Eltrombopag Olamine - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 69,643,660 L.L
C05BB02 AETHOXYSKLEROL B Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 0.5% 0.5% Injectable solution 1,441,943 L.L
C09CA06 BLOPRESS B Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg 16mg Tablet 1,131,515 L.L
G04BX14 PRILIGY B Dapoxetine (hydrochloride) - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,957,979 L.L
L01EX05 STIVARGA B Regorafenib - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 262,387,816 L.L
R03AK08 INUVER NEXTHALER B Formoterol fumarate dihydrate - 6mcg/dose, Beclometasone dipropionate - 100mcg/dose Inhalation powder 4,380,927 L.L
S01AA23 NETTACIN B Netilmicin - 0.3% 0.3% Drops solution 681,328 L.L
C05BB02 AETHOXYSKLEROL B Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 1% 1% Injectable solution 1,732,213 L.L
L01AA09 RIBOMUSTIN B Bendamustine HCl - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 31,939,807 L.L
L01EX07 CABOMETYX B Cabozantinib - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 424,098,997 L.L
M01AH05 ARCOXIA B Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,685,178 L.L
N02BE01 TYLENOL B Paracetamol - 100mg 100mg Suppository 190,826 L.L
R03AK10 RELVAR ELLIPTA B Vilanterol (trifenatate) - 25mcg/dose, Fluticasone furoate - 200mcg/dose Inhalation powder 3,928,052 L.L
S01AA23 NETTACIN B Netilmicin - 0.3% 0.3% Ointment 593,978 L.L
C05BB02 AETHOXYSKLEROL B Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 3% 3% Injectable solution 2,576,146 L.L
J01MA14 AVALOX B Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 1,087,169 L.L
L01AA09 RIBOMUSTIN B Bendamustine HCl - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 31,939,807 L.L
L01EX07 CABOMETYX B Cabozantinib - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 424,098,997 L.L
R03AK10 RELVAR ELLIPTA B Vilanterol (trifenatate) - 25mcg/dose, Fluticasone furoate - 100mcg/dose Inhalation powder 3,928,052 L.L
C05BX01 DOXIUM B Calcium dobesilate - 500mg 500mg Capsule 2,151,492 L.L
D10AF02 ERYFLUID B Erythromycin base - 40mg/ml 4% Lotion 486,471 L.L
G04CA01 XATRAL XL B Alfuzosin HCl - 10mg 10mg Tablet, prolonged release 1,061,636 L.L
J01DC04 CECLOR B Cefaclor (monohydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Granules for suspension 851,100 L.L
J01MA14 AVALOX B Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 1,521,230 L.L
L01EX07 CABOMETYX B Cabozantinib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 424,098,997 L.L
N02BE01 TYLENOL B Paracetamol - 200mg 200mg Suppository 235,172 L.L
R03AK12 ZEPHIRUS B Salmeterol - 20mcg, Budesonide - 120mcg Capsule, inhalation 1,412,378 L.L
S01AD09 VIRGAN B Ganciclovir - 1.5mg/g 1.5mg/g Gel 804,962 L.L
C05BX01 DOXIUM B Calcium dobesilate - 500mg 500mg Capsule 1,323,685 L.L
D10AF02 ERYFLUID B Erythromycin base - 4% 4% Lotion 486,471 L.L
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