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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
V07AB01 EAU POUR PREPARATION INJECTABLE PROAMP G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 1,034,759 L.L
V07AB01 EAU POUR PREPARATION INJECTABLE PROAMP G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 795,555 L.L
V07AB01 EAU POUR PREPARATIONS INJECTABLES RENAUDIN G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 266,081 L.L
C01CA03 EPINORD G Noradrenaline (tartrate) - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 2,751,678 L.L
J01FA09 ERACID 250 G Clarithromycin - 250mg 250mg Tablet, film coated 446,156 L.L
J05AR03 EMZAVIR G Emtricitabine - 200mg, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate - 300mg Tablet, film coated 18,701,506 L.L
J01FA09 ERACID 500 G Clarithromycin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 628,918 L.L
L02BB04 ENZASTIK 40 G Enzalutamide - 40mg 40mg Capsule 82,838,963 L.L
L01EA02 ELPIDA G Dasatinib - 70mg 70mg Tablet, film coated 127,364,905 L.L
C01CA26 EPHEDRINE AGUETTANT G Ephedrine HCl - 30mg/ml 30mg/ml Injectable solution 614,136 L.L
L01EA02 ELPIDA G Dasatinib - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 127,364,905 L.L
C01CA26 EPHEDRINE RENAUDIN G Ephedrine HCl - 30mg/ml 3% Injectable solution 693,423 L.L
C01CA26 EPHEDRINE AGUETTANT G Ephedrine HCl - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Injectable solution 7,827,491 L.L
L01EA02 ELPIDA G Dasatinib - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 103,165,573 L.L
G03XC01 EVA TABLET G Raloxifene HCl - 60mg 60mg Tablet 1,354,081 L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS ARROW G Everolimus - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS ARROW G Everolimus - 5mg 5mg Tablet L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS ARROW G Everolimus - 10mg 10mg Tablet L.L
J01FA10 ERADECIN G Azithromycin - 250mg 250mg Capsule 354,774 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,222,897 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE ARROW G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 3,386,483 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE BGR G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, coated 4,479,027 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE GENEPHARM G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,286,662 L.L
B05BB02 ELECTROLYE 67 G Calcium gluconate - 0.10g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.075g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.30g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5.0g/100ml Injectable solution 165,727 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE GP PHARM G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,158,392 L.L
J05AF10 ENTECAVIR ARROW G Entecavir - 1mg 1mg Tablet, coated L.L
J05AF10 ENTECAVIR ARROW G Entecavir - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet, coated L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS BIOGARAN G Everolimus - 5mg 5mg Tablet L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS BIOGARAN G Everolimus - 10mg 10mg Tablet L.L
D07AC13 ELICA G Mometasone furoate - 1mg/g 0.1% Cream 341,336 L.L
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