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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A10BD21 ENFORZA B Saxagliptin HCl - 5mg, Dapagliflozin - 10mg Tablet, film coated 6,072,824 L.L
D07AC13 ELOCOM B Mometasone furoate - 1mg/g 0.1% Lotion 282,207 L.L
B01AF02 ELIQUIS B Apixaban - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 4,183,603 L.L
B01AF02 ELIQUIS B Apixaban - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 4,183,603 L.L
C03AA03 ESIDREX B Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg 25mg Tablet 380,115 L.L
A07BA51 EUCARBON B Rhubarbe - 25mg, Sulfur - 50mg, Senna - 105mg, Vegetal charcoal - 180mg Tablet 795,555 L.L
N02AJ06 EFFERALGAN CODEINE B Paracetamol - 500mg, Codeine phosphate - 30mg Tablet, effervescent scored 215,015 L.L
N02AJ06 EFFERALGAN CODEINE B Paracetamol - 500mg, Codeine phosphate - 30mg Tablet, film coated 215,015 L.L
B02AA02 EXACYL B Tranexamic acid - 500mg/5ml 500mg/5ml Injectable solution 748,520 L.L
R06AX22 EBASTEL B Ebastine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 722,987 L.L
J07BC01 ENGERIX-B 20 B Hepatitis B, purified antigen - 20mcg/ml 20mcg/ml Injectable suspension 1,652,926 L.L
J07BC01 ENGERIX-B 10 B Hepatitis B, surface antigen - 10mcg/0.5ml 10mcg/0.5ml Injectable suspension 1,042,822 L.L
N02BE01 EFFERALGAN B Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet, effervescent scored 129,009 L.L
N06AX16 EFEXOR XR B Venlafaxine (HCl) - 75mg 75mg Capsule, sustained release 732,394 L.L
D10AD53 EPIDUO B Adapalene - 0.1%, Benzoyl peroxide - 2.5% Gel 2,088,331 L.L
L01AA01 ENDOXAN B Cyclophosphamide (monohydrate) - 500mg 500mg Injectable powder for solution 764,646 L.L
D10AD53 EPIDUO FORTE B Adapalene - 0.3%, Benzoyl peroxide - 2.5% Gel 2,201,214 L.L
N02BE01 EFFERALGAN B Paracetamol - 1g 1g Tablet, film coated 129,009 L.L
N06AX16 EFEXOR XR B Venlafaxine (HCl) - 150mg 150mg Capsule, sustained release 817,056 L.L
D10AF02 ERYFLUID B Erythromycin base - 40mg/ml 4% Lotion 486,471 L.L
D10AF02 ERYFLUID B Erythromycin base - 4% 4% Lotion 486,471 L.L
B05DA EXTRANEAL (ICODEXTRIN 7.5%) TWIN BAG B Sodium lactate - 4.5g/l, Magnesium Chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.257g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.4g/l, Icodextrin - 75.0 g/l Injectable solution 1,998,025 L.L
B05DA EXTRANEAL (ICODEXTRIN 7.5%) SINGLE BAG B Sodium lactate - 4.5g/l, Magnesium Chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.257g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.4g/l, Icodextrin - 75.0 g/l Injectable solution 1,998,025 L.L
C09CA09 EDARBI B Azilsartan medoxomil - 40mg 40mg Tablet 1,846,440 L.L
C09CA09 EDARBI B Azilsartan medoxomil - 80mg 80mg Tablet 2,023,827 L.L
D11AH02 ELIDEL B Pimecrolimus - 10mg/g 1% Cream 1,780,591 L.L
S01BC04 EDOLFENE B Flurbiprofen sodium - 0.03% 0.03% Drops solution 388,370 L.L
N02BE01 EFFERALGAN B Paracetamol - 3% 3% Solution 163,949 L.L
N02BE01 EFFERALGAN B Paracetamol - 1g 1g Tablet, effervescent 129,009 L.L
C10AX09 EZETROL B Ezetimibe - 10mg 10mg Tablet 3,680,849 L.L
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