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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B01AB05 ENOXAPARIN LEDRAXEN BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 6000UI (60mg)/0.6ml 6000UI (60mg)/0.6ml Injectable solution 854,684 L.L
B01AB05 ENOMEX BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 2000U Anti-Xa/0.2ml 2000U Anti-Xa/0.2ml Injectable solution 396,754 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXA MEDIS BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 2,000U Anti-Xa/0.2ml 2,000U Anti-Xa/0.2ml Injectable solution 388,370 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXAMED BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 2000IU Anti-XA/0.2ml 2000IU Anti-XA/0.2ml Injectable solution 1,105,982 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXAMED BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 2000IU Anti-XA/0.2ml 2000IU Anti-XA/0.2ml Injectable solution 388,370 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXAMED BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 10000IU Anti-XA/1ml 10000IU Anti-XA/1ml Injectable solution 1,209,458 L.L
L01XX02 ERWINASE BioTech Erwinia L-asparaginase - 10,000IU 10,000IU Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 444,434,845 L.L
M05BX06 EVENITY BioTech Romosozumab - 105mg/1.17ml 105mg/1.17ml Injectable solution 56,729,091 L.L
G03GA09 ELONVA BioTech Corifollitropin alfa - 150mcg/0.5ml 150mcg/0.5ml Injectable solution 44,141,610 L.L
A06AD04 EPSOM SALT G Magnesium sulfate - 40g 40g Granules 89,590 L.L
D07AC13 ELICA G Mometasone furoate - 1mg/g 0.1% Cream 341,336 L.L
A10BD20 EMPAZIMET G Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Empagliflozin - 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,840,168 L.L
D07AC13 ELISONE G Mometasone furoate - 0.1% 0.1% Cream 249,955 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,222,897 L.L
D07AC13 ELISONE G Mometasone furoate - 0.1% 0.1% Cream 435,405 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE ARROW G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 3,386,483 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE BGR G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, coated 4,479,027 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE GENEPHARM G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,286,662 L.L
D07AC13 ELICA G Mometasone furoate micronized - 1mg/g 0.1% Ointment 399,121 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE GP PHARM G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,158,392 L.L
C09BB06 ENEAS G Enalapril maleate - 10mg, Nitrendipine - 20mg Tablet 2,009,045 L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS ARROW G Everolimus - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS ARROW G Everolimus - 5mg 5mg Tablet L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS ARROW G Everolimus - 10mg 10mg Tablet L.L
C10AA05 EMITOR G Atorvastatin - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 822,432 L.L
B01AF02 ELAPIX 5 G Apixaban - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 3,455,595 L.L
J05AF10 ENTECAVIR ARROW G Entecavir - 1mg 1mg Tablet, coated L.L
J05AF10 ENTECAVIR ARROW G Entecavir - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet, coated L.L
B01AF02 ELAPIX 2.5 G Apixaban - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 3,455,595 L.L
G04BE08 ENKOR G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,032,839 L.L
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