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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01FA09 CLARIDAR DAR AL DAWA G Clarithromycin - 125mg/5ml 125mg/5ml Suspension 295,645 L.L
J01FA09 CLARIDAR DAR AL DAWA G Clarithromycin - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Suspension 877,529 L.L
R06AX CYPRO-BC B Cyproheptadine HCl - 2mg/5ml, Vitamin B3 - 5mg/5ml, Vitamin B6 - 0.60mg/5ml, Vitamin B2 - 0.75mg/5ml, Vitamin B1 - 0.60mg/5ml, Vitamin C - 20mg/5ml Syrup 449,227 L.L
R06AX13 CLARITINE B Loratadine (micronised) - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Syrup 430,030 L.L
R06AX13 CLARA G Loratadine (micronised) - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Syrup 215,015 L.L
A11AA CAL-VIT G Riboflavine - 9mg/100ml, Cyanocobalamine - 570mcg/100ml, Pyridoxine HCl - 35mg/100ml, Thiamine HCl - 190mg/100ml, Inositol - 150mg/100ml, Nicotinamide - 120mg/100ml, Calcium Pantothenate - 27mg/100ml, Sodium hypophosphite - 70mg/100ml Syrup 163,821 L.L
A11AA COMPLEVIT G Ascorbic acid - 1.32g, Riboflavine - 0.018g, Nicotinamide - 0.264g, Cyanocobalamine - 0.9g, Pyridoxine HCl - 0.132g, Thiamine mononitrate - 0.288g, Iron Ammonium Citrate - 3.6g Syrup 218,854 L.L
N03AG01 CONVULEX G Sodium Valproate - 50mg/ml 50mg/ml Syrup 213,671 L.L
R05X COFEX G Paracetamol - 33.3mg/5ml, Guaifenesin - 33.3mg/5ml, Oxomemazine HCl - 1.65mg/5ml Syrup 154,542 L.L
R05X COLDIN G Glyceryl guaiacolate - 15mg/5ml, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 15mg/5ml, Pyrilamine maleate - 6.25mg/5ml, Paracetamol - 120mg/5ml Syrup 386,515 L.L
R05X COLD-MED G Glyceryl guaiacolate - 15mg/5ml, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 15mg/5ml, Pyrilamine maleate - 6.25mg/5ml, Paracetamol - 120mg/5ml Syrup 386,515 L.L
R05X CODOPALM EXPECTORANT G Ipeca Tincture - 3mg, Promethazine HCl - 100mg, Potassium guaiacosulfonate - 0.9g Syrup 153,582 L.L
R05X CODOPALM EXPECTORANT G Ipeca Tincture - 3mg, Promethazine HCl - 100mg, Potassium guaiacosulfonate - 0.9g Syrup 291,806 L.L
R06AD52 CODOPALM G Promethazine HCl - 5mg/5ml, Sodium gentisate - 0.5mg/5ml Syrup 149,742 L.L
C01EX CARDIOVITEX G Coenzyme Q10 - 300mg, Magnesium oxide - 100mg Tablet 2,822,069 L.L
C02CA04 CARDULAR B Doxazosin (mesylate) - 4mg 4mg Tablet 755,239 L.L
C09BB04 COVERAM B Perindopril arginine - 5mg, Amlodipine - 5mg Tablet 821,088 L.L
C02CA04 CURCARD G Doxazosin (mesylate) - 4mg 4mg Tablet 452,875 L.L
C09BB04 COVERAM B Perindopril arginine - 10mg, Amlodipine - 5mg Tablet 1,116,733 L.L
C09BB04 COVERAM B Perindopril arginine - 10mg, Amlodipine - 10mg Tablet 1,116,733 L.L
N06AB04 CIPRAM B Citalopram - 20mg 20mg Tablet 2,280,501 L.L
A02BB01 CYTOTEC B Misoprostol - 200mcg 200mcg Tablet 737,770 L.L
R06AX13 CLARITINE B Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 219,046 L.L
C09CA01 COZAAR B Losartan potassium - 50mg 50mg Tablet 1,420,634 L.L
R06AX13 CLARITINE B Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 618,168 L.L
R06AX13 CLARA G Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 131,697 L.L
C09CA01 COZAAR B Losartan potassium - 100mg 100mg Tablet 1,740,596 L.L
L01EJ01 CELEZON G Ruxolitinib - 5mg 5mg Tablet L.L
L01EJ01 CELEZON G Ruxolitinib - 15mg 15mg Tablet L.L
L01EJ01 CELEZON G Ruxolitinib - 20mg 20mg Tablet L.L
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