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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS G Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS2 G Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.5 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS3 G Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.60 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS R G Potassium chloride - K+:1.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.40 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:105.8 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140.5 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTIONFOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE A G Hemodialytics, concentrates - Injectable solution L.L
M01AB05 CLOFEN G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg/3ml 75mg/3ml Injectable solution 299,677 L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE B+ G Hemodialytics, concentrates - Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE J G Hemodialytics, concentrates - Injectable solution L.L
J01DH51 CELLABAXIN G Imipenem (monohydrate) - 500mg, Cilastatin (sodium) - 500mg Injectable solution 10,699,559 L.L
J01DH51 CILANEM G Imipenem anhydrous - 500mg, Cilastatin (sodium) - 500mg Injectable solution 850,652 L.L
V03AF03 CALCIUMFOLINAT EBEWE G Calcium folinate - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable solution 1,289,872 L.L
G03GA05 CINNAL-f BioHuman Follitropin alfa - 900IU/1.5ml 900IU/1.5ml Injectable solution 14,826,544 L.L
N01BB02 CHLORHYDRATE DE LIDOCAINE RENAUDIN G Lidocaine (HCl) - 10mg/ml 1% Injectable solution 591,291 L.L
G03GA05 CINNAL-f BioHuman Follitropin alfa - 450IU/0.75ml 450IU/0.75ml Injectable solution 7,372,177 L.L
J06BA02 CLAIRYG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 40,685,649 L.L
N02AA01 CHLORHYDRATE DE MORPHINE RENAUDIN G Morphine HCl - 20mg/ml 20mg/ml Injectable solution 1,100,607 L.L
J06BA02 CLAIRYG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 10g/200ml Injectable solution 74,469,269 L.L
C01EB10 CARDESINE G Adenosine - 6mg/2ml 6mg/2ml Injectable solution 563,070 L.L
J06BA02 CUVITRU BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 4g/20ml 200mg/ml Injectable solution 29,806,627 L.L
J06BA02 CUVITRU BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 8g/40ml 200mg/ml Injectable solution 53,593,818 L.L
J01FF01 CLINDAMYCIN VIANEX BA FREE G Clindamycin (phosphate) - 600mg/4ml 600mg/4ml Injectable solution 201,576 L.L
J01FF01 CLINDAMYCIN-HAMELN G Clindamycin (phosphate) - 600mg/4ml 150mg/ml Injectable solution 3,535,650 L.L
L03AB07 CINNOVEX BioTech Interferon beta-1a - 30mcg 30mcg Injectable solution 39,804,728 L.L
D04AX CALAMINE PLUS B Diphenhydramine HCl - 0.25/100ml, Tetracaine HCl - 0.025/100ml, Zinc oxide - 8g/100ml, Calamine - 8g/100ml Lotion 177,899 L.L
R02A CHLORASEPTIC TOTAL SORE THROAT + COUGH LOZENGES WILD CHERRY G Benzocaine - 6mg, Dextromethorphan - 5mg, Menthol - 10mg Lozenge 537,537 L.L
D07AD01 CLOBEVAT G Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05% 0.05% Ointment 302,045 L.L
G01AA10 CLINDAMYCIN G Clindamycin - 100mg 100mg Ovule 712,876 L.L
G03DA04 CYCLOGEST G Progesterone - 400mg 400mg Pessary 1,546,763 L.L
V03AE01 CALCIUM RESONIUM B Calcium Polystyrene Sulphonate - 15g 15g Powder 2,053,391 L.L
A06AB58 CITRAFLEET G Sodium picosulfate - 10mg/sachet, Magnesium oxide (light) - 3.5g/sachet, Citric acid (anhydrous) - 10.97g/sachet, Potassium - 195mg/sachet Powder for solution 1,191,988 L.L
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