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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 189,262 L.L
C08CA04 NICARDIPINE ARROW G Nicardipine chlorhydrate - 10mg/10ml 10mg/10ml Injectable solution 2,590,928 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/5/25 G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,196,020 L.L
D05AA VASELINE ICHTYOLEE G Ichthyamol - 10% 10% Ointment 103,668 L.L
J01DH51 IMILASTIN G Imipenem - 500mg, Cilastatin - 500mg Injectable powder for solution 5,869,189 L.L
J05AF10 ENTRILIV G Entecavir - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet, film coated 19,165,898 L.L
M01AB05 OLFEN 75MG G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg 75mg Injectable solution 334,617 L.L
N01AH06 REMIFENTANIL MEDIS G Remifentanil (HCl) - 1mg 1mg Injectable powder 1,101,951 L.L
N03AX12 PMS-GABAPENTIN G Gabapentin - 400mg 400mg Capsule 1,071,042 L.L
N05BA12 ALPROX G Alprazolam - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet 383,955 L.L
R05X COLDIN-H G Paracetamol - 300mg, Mepyramine maleate - 15mg, Noscapine - 10mg Capsule 386,515 L.L
V03AF03 CALCIUMFOLINAT EBEWE G Calcium folinate - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable solution 1,289,872 L.L
A03FA03 FARCOTILIUM G Domperidone - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Suspension 115,570 L.L
A10BB12 AMEPRIDE G Glimepiride - 4mg 4mg Tablet 215,015 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 182,720 L.L
C08CA04 NICARDIPINE MEDIS G Nicardipine chlorhydrate - 10mg/10ml 10mg/10ml Injectable solution 1,295,464 L.L
D05AX52 BETA-CAL G Calcipotriol (monohydrate) - 50mcg/g, Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g Ointment 1,574,983 L.L
G03DB08 DIENOSIS G Dienogest - 2mg 2mg Tablet 2,822,069 L.L
J01AA07 TETRACYCLINE G Tetracycline HCl - 250mg 250mg Capsule 3,906,998 L.L
J01DH51 IMIPENEM-CILASTATIN LABATEC G Imipenem (monohydrate) - 500mg, Cilastatin (sodium) - 500mg Injectable powder for solution 8,922,845 L.L
J05AF10 HEPCAVIR 0.5 G Entecavir monohydrate - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet, film coated 18,998,515 L.L
L01DC01 BLEO-CELL G Bleomycin (sulfate) - 15mg 15mg Injectable powder for solution 3,054,554 L.L
M01AB05 VOLDEN G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg/3ml 75mg/3ml Injectable solution 422,351 L.L
N03AX12 GABATREX G Gabapentin - 100mg 100mg Capsule 292,958 L.L
N05BA12 PAZOLAM G Alprazolam - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet 563,070 L.L
P02CA03 ALBENDA G Albendazole - 100mg/5ml 400mg/20ml Suspension 129,009 L.L
R06AA02 DIPHENIST G Diphenhydramine HCl - 50mg/ml 50mg/ml Injectable solution 6,977,230 L.L
V03AF03 EUROFOLIC G Folic acid as Calcium Folinate Hydrate - 100mg/10ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution 5,872,592 L.L
A03FA03 MOTIDOL ODT G Domperidone - 10mg 10mg Tablet, orodispersible 259,810 L.L
A10BB12 DIAMERIL G Glimepiride - 4mg 4mg Tablet 322,522 L.L
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