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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01DD08 SUPRAX 100 B Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 1,166,455 L.L
A03AX13 OVOL B Simethicone - 40mg/ml 40mg/ml Drops 233,829 L.L
B05 20 MEQ POTASSIUM OF 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP B Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 20mEq Injectable solution 229,959 L.L
C10BA06 ZYMPASS B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 40mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,482,077 L.L
L04AD02 PROGRAF 5MG B Tacrolimus - 5mg 5mg Capsule 94,286,686 L.L
S01EE01 XALATAN B Latanoprost - 50mcg/ml 50mcg/ml Drops solution 704,173 L.L
A12AX DECALCIT B Vitamin D3 - 750IU, Calcium - 600mg Powder 1,075,074 L.L
C09DA06 ATACAND PLUS B Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 705,517 L.L
G01AF12 LOMEXIN B Fenticonazole nitrate - 200mg 200mg Ovule 779,490 L.L
L04AD02 PROGRAF 5MG B Tacrolimus - 5mg 5mg Capsule 94,286,686 L.L
N06DA03 EXELON TRANSDERMAL PATCH 10 B Rivastigmine - 9.5mg/24h 9.5mg/24h Patch 2,457,888 L.L
A03AX13 MOSAR PLUS B Mosapride citrate - 5mg, Simethicone - 200mg Tablet, coated 865,435 L.L
A12AX CALPEROS D3 A SUCER B Vitamin D3 - 400IU, Calcium - 500mg Tablet, chewable 667,890 L.L
C09DA06 BLOPRESS PLUS 16MG B Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 1,257,837 L.L
G01AF12 LOMEXIN B Fenticonazole nitrate - 600mg 600mg Ovule 818,321 L.L
N06DA03 EXELON TRANSDERMAL PATCH 5 B Rivastigmine - 4.6mg/24h 4.6mg/24h Patch 2,457,888 L.L
A03AX13 OVOL FOR GAZ B Simethicone - 180mg 180mg Capsule, liquid gel 241,892 L.L
A12AX CI-CAL+D B Calcium citrate - 250mg, Vitamin D3 - 125IU Tablet 796,899 L.L
C10BX06 TRINOMIA B Acetylsalicylic acid - 100mg, Atorvastatin - 20mg, Ramipril - 2.5mg Capsule, hard 1,029,383 L.L
G01AF12 LOMEXIN "T" B Fenticonazole nitrate - 1,000mg 1,000mg Ovule 874,410 L.L
L04AD02 PROGRAF 0.5 MG B Tacrolimus - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 13,942,481 L.L
N02BE51 HUMEXLIB PARACETAMOL CHLORPHENAMINE B Paracetamol - 500mg, Chlorphenamine maleate - 4mg Capsule 598,010 L.L
N06DA03 EXELON TRANSDERMAL PATCH 15 B Rivastigmine - 13.3mg/24h 13.3mg/24h Patch 7,582,922 L.L
S01EE03 LUMIGAN B Bimatoprost - 0.1mg/ml 0.1mg/ml Drops solution 740,457 L.L
A03AX58 METEOSPASMYL B Alverine citrate - 60mg, Simethicone - 300mg Capsule 481,096 L.L
A12AX CI-CAL+D B Calcium citrate - 250mg, Vitamin D3 - 1,000IU Tablet 1,118,077 L.L
C10BX06 TRINOMIA B Acetylsalicylic acid - 100mg, Atorvastatin - 20mg, Ramipril - 5mg Capsule, hard 1,236,335 L.L
L04AD02 PROGRAF 0.5 MG B Tacrolimus - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 13,942,481 L.L
N02BE51 PANADOL COLD AND FLU B Paracetamol - 500mg, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 30mg, Chlorpheniramine maleate - 2mg Tablet 278,175 L.L
R03DC03 SINGULAIR PEDIATRIC B Montelukast (sodium) - 4mg 4mg Tablet, chewable 1,217,521 L.L
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