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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
R06AE07 ZYRTEC B Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 1% 1% Drops 170,668 L.L
A10BD07 JANUMET B Metformin HCl - 500mg, Sitagliptin - 50mg Tablet 3,237,317 L.L
C10AA01 ZOCOR B Simvastatin - 10mg 10mg Tablet 881,817 L.L
J05AX12 TIVICAY B Dolutegravir - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 54,508,037 L.L
L02BG03 ARIMIDEX B Anastrozole - 1mg 1mg Tablet, film coated 3,202,377 L.L
N06AA09 TRYPTIZOL B Amitryptiline (HCl) - 25mg 25mg Tablet, coated 716,716 L.L
R01AA07 OTRIVIN B Xylometazoline HCl - 0.05% 0.05% Solution 260,705 L.L
A10BD07 JANUMET B Metformin HCl - 500mg, Sitagliptin - 50mg Tablet 3,237,317 L.L
J01FA09 KLACID RM B Clarithromycin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, modified release 1,173,175 L.L
J05AX18 PREVYMIS B Letermovir - 240mg 240mg Tablet, film coated 460,943,945 L.L
R06AE07 ZYRTEC B Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 5mg/5ml Solution 278,175 L.L
J05AX18 PREVYMIS B Letermovir - 480mg 480mg Tablet, film coated 961,233,292 L.L
N01BB54 EMLA B Prilocaine - 25mg/g, Lidocaine - 25mg/g 5% Cream 1,763,121 L.L
A10BD07 JANUMET XR B Metformin HCl - 500mg, Sitagliptin - 50mg Tablet 4,777,360 L.L
G03GB02 CLOMID B Clomifene citrate - 50mg 50mg Tablet 274,144 L.L
J05AX18 PREVYMIS B Letermovir - 240mg/12ml 240mg/12ml Injectable concentrate for solution 25,111,114 L.L
N06AA21 LUDIOMIL B Maprotiline - 10mg 10mg Tablet, sugar coated 867,738 L.L
R01AA07 OTRIVIN B Xylometazoline HCl - 0.05% 0.05% Drops 181,419 L.L
A10BD07 JANUMET XR B Metformin HCl - 1,000mg, Sitagliptin - 50mg Tablet 4,777,360 L.L
C09AA02 RENITEC B Enalapril maleate - 20mg 20mg Tablet 405,840 L.L
C10AA01 ZOCOR B Simvastatin - 20mg 20mg Tablet 976,526 L.L
D06BA51 IALUGEN PLUS B Silver sulfadiazine - 10mg/g, Sodium hyaluronate - 2mg/g Cream 1,064,323 L.L
N01BB58 ARTINIBSA 4% WITH EPINEPHRINE 1/100000 B Articaine HCl - 4%, Epinephrine - 1/100.000 Injectable solution 1,968,729 L.L
N06AA21 MEFIDIOMIL B Maprotiline - 25mg 25mg Tablet, sugar coated 909,973 L.L
R06AE09 XYZAL B Levocetirizine dihydrochloride - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 572,477 L.L
A10BD07 JANUMET XR B Metformin HCl - 1,000mg, Sitagliptin - 100mg Tablet 4,777,360 L.L
C09AA03 ZESTRIL B Lisinopril (dihydrate) - 5mg 5mg Tablet 295,645 L.L
N01BB58 SEPTANEST ADRENALINEE B Articaine HCl - 72mg/1.8ml, Adrenaline (tartrate) - 0.033mg/1.8ml 1/100,000 Injectable solution 2,945,703 L.L
N03AX16 LYRICA B Pregabalin - 150mg 150mg Capsule 3,041,116 L.L
N06AA21 MEFIDIOMIL B Maprotiline - 75mg 75mg Tablet, sugar coated 958,608 L.L
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