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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
R02A MAXILASE MAUX DE GORGE B Alpha-Amylase - 200U.CEIP/ml 200U.CEIP/ml Syrup 342,680 L.L
R02A ALFA-AMYLASE BGR CONSEIL G Alpha-Amylase - 200U.CEIP/ml 200U.CEIP/ml Syrup 384,339 L.L
R02A ALFA-AMYLASE BGR CONSEIL G Alpha-Amylase - 3,000U.CEIP 3,000U.CEIP Tablet, coated 290,270 L.L
N05BA12 ALPRAZOLAM BIOGARAN G Alprazolam - 0.25mg 0.25mg Tablet, scored 115,570 L.L
N05BA12 XANAX B Alprazolam - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet 477,064 L.L
N05BA12 ALPRAZOLAM BIOGARAN G Alprazolam - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet, scored 169,324 L.L
N05BA12 ALPROX G Alprazolam - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet 383,955 L.L
N05BA12 PAZOLAM G Alprazolam - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet 563,070 L.L
N05BA12 TRANQUINAL 0.5 G Alprazolam - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet 267,425 L.L
N05BA12 TRANQUINAL 0.5 SUBLINGUAL G Alprazolam - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet, sublingual 459,594 L.L
N05BA12 ALPROX G Alprazolam - 1mg 1mg Tablet 895,895 L.L
C01EA01 PROSTIN VR B Alprostadil - 500mcg/ml 500mcg/ml Injectable concentrated solution 19,894,577 L.L
B01AD02 ACTILYSE BioTech Alteplase - 50mg 50mg Injectable dry powder for solution+diluent 97,130,035 L.L
A02AF02 ACTONORM B Aluminium hydroxide - 220mg/5ml, Magnesium hydroxide - 200mg/5ml, Simethicone - 25mg/5ml Suspension 425,998 L.L
B03BA51 DEPOVEX B Aluminium monostearate - 20mg/ml, Cyanocobalamine - 1mg/ml Injectable oily suspension 423,310 L.L
A03AX58 METEOSPASMYL B Alverine citrate - 60mg, Simethicone - 300mg Capsule 481,096 L.L
N04BB01 PK-MERZ B Amantadine (sulfate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,382,814 L.L
N04BB01 SYMMETREL B Amantadine - 100mg 100mg Capsule 568,253 L.L
R05CB06 FLUIBRON G Ambroxol - 15mg/5ml 15mg/5ml Syrup 459,594 L.L
R05CB06 MUKORAL G Ambroxol - 30mg 30mg Tablet 201,576 L.L
R05CB06 SOLVAMUC SR G Ambroxol - 75mg 75mg Capsule 276,448 L.L
R05CB06 API-MUCOL G Ambroxol HCl - 15mg/5ml 15mg/5ml Syrup 326,554 L.L
R05CB06 MUCUM G Ambroxol HCl - 15mg/5ml 15mg/5ml Syrup, sugar free, alcohol free 98,101 L.L
R05CB06 MUCOSOLVAN B Ambroxol HCl - 30mg/5ml 30mg/5ml Syrup 380,307 L.L
R05CB06 MUCOVIC FORTE G Ambroxol HCl - 30mg/5ml 30mg/5ml Solution, sugar free 293,086 L.L
R05CB06 MUCOVIC FORTE G Ambroxol HCl - 30mg/5ml 30mg/5ml Solution, sugar free 440,268 L.L
R05CB06 MUKORAL G Ambroxol HCl - 30mg/5ml 30mg/5ml Syrup 341,336 L.L
R05CB06 MUCOSOLVAN LA B Ambroxol HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule 345,368 L.L
J01GB06 AMICINE G Amikacin (sulfate) - 500mg/2ml 500mg/2ml Injectable solution 1,749,683 L.L
J01GB06 AMIKACIN SULPHATE G Amikacin (sulfate) - 500mg/2ml 500mg/2ml Injectable solution 372,244 L.L
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