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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L01BC01 ALEXAN G Cytarabine - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable solution 388,370 L.L
L01FE01 ERBITUX BioTech Cetuximab - 100mg/20ml 100mg/20ml Injectable solution 24,001,769 L.L
L04AC05 STELARA BioTech Ustekinumab - 90mg 90mg Injectable solution 151,777,679 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000IU 4000IU Injectable solution 1,127,036 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 4,143,943 L.L
J01XX08 ZERSA G Linezolide - 600mg/300ml 600mg/300ml Injectable solution 3,303,165 L.L
L01BC01 ALEXAN G Cytarabine - 1,000mg/20ml 1,000mg/20ml Injectable solution 2,848,946 L.L
L04AC05 STELARA BioTech Ustekinumab - 90mg 90mg Injectable solution 151,777,679 L.L
N06BX06 SOMAZINA B Citicoline (sodium) - 1,000mg/4ml 1,000mg/4ml Injectable solution 787,492 L.L
A11GA01 VITAMIN C S.A.L.F. G Ascorbic acid (vit C) - 500mg/5ml 500mg/5ml Injectable solution 498,566 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000IU 4000IU Injectable solution 4,748,244 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 3,985,356 L.L
H01BB03 PABAL RTS B Carbetocin - 100mcg/ml 100mcg/ml Injectable solution 12,185,492 L.L
L01BC01 CYTU G Cytarabine - 1000mg/10ml 1000mg/10ml Injectable solution 2,230,779 L.L
B03XA01 EPOTIN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4,000IU/ml 4,000IU/ml Injectable solution 11,317,795 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 5,566,628 L.L
H01BB03 CARBETOCINA GP-PHARM G Carbetocin - 100mcg 100mcg Injectable solution 9,041,227 L.L
L01FF01 OPDIVO BioTech Nivolumab - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable solution 117,224,380 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 519,736 L.L
H01CB02 SANDOSTATIN B Octreotide - 0.1mg/ml 0.1mg/ml Injectable solution 1,038,790 L.L
L01BC02 5-FROTU G Fluorouracil - 1000mg/20ml 1000mg/20ml Injectable solution 577,852 L.L
L01FF01 OPDIVO BioTech Nivolumab - 40mg/4ml 40mg/4ml Injectable solution 51,234,726 L.L
L04AC07 ACTEMRA BioTech Tocilizumab - 162mg/0.9ml 162mg/0.9ml Injectable solution 79,959,812 L.L
M03AC09 ESMERON B Rocuronium bromide - 50mg/5ml 50mg/5ml Injectable solution 4,949,372 L.L
A12AA03 10% W/V CALCIUM GLUCONATE INJECTION BP G Calcium gluconate - 10% 10% Injectable solution 3,952,241 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 167,780 L.L
L01FF02 KEYTRUDA BioTech Pembrolizumab - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable solution 241,744,802 L.L
M03AC09 ESMERON B Rocuronium bromide - 50mg/5ml 50mg/5ml Injectable solution 4,750,483 L.L
A03AB02 GLYCOPYRROLATE B Glycopyronium Bromide - 0.2mg/ml 0.2mg/ml Injectable solution 7,238,185 L.L
A12AA03 CALCIUM GLUCONATE G Calcium gluconate - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 763,056 L.L
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