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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
R05X FERVEX ADULTS SUGAR FREE B Paracetamol - 500mg, Ascorbic acid - 200mg, Pheniramine maleate - 25mg Granules for solution 425,998 L.L
C01DA02 NITRODERM TTS 5 B Glyceryl trinitrate - 5mg/24h 5mg/24h Patch 654,183 L.L
C09AA03 ZESTRIL B Lisinopril (dihydrate) - 5mg 5mg Tablet 295,645 L.L
P02CA01 VERMOX B Mebendazole - 500mg 500mg Tablet 106,164 L.L
R05X FERVEX ADULTS RASPBERRY B Paracetamol - 500mg, Ascorbic acid - 200mg, Pheniramine maleate - 25mg Granules for solution 425,998 L.L
B01AC24 BRILINTA B Ticagrelor - 90mg 90mg Tablet, film coated 5,544,694 L.L
J01FA09 KLACID B Clarithromycin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 1,329,060 L.L
J05AR03 TRUVADA B Emtricitabine - 200mg, Tenofovir disoproxil - 245mg Tablet, film coated 20,507,286 L.L
L02BA03 FASLODEX B Fulvestrant - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Injectable solution 46,628,557 L.L
N01AH06 ULTIVA B Remifentanil (HCl) - 2mg 2mg Injectable powder for solution 1,632,769 L.L
P02CA01 VERMOX B Mebendazole - 100mg 100mg Tablet 129,009 L.L
R05X FERVEX ADULTS B Paracetamol - 500mg, Ascorbic acid - 200mg, Pheniramine maleate - 25mg Granules for solution 425,998 L.L
C09AA03 ZESTRIL B Lisinopril (dihydrate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 592,635 L.L
M01AB05 DIVIDO 75MG B Diclofenac sodium - 75mg 75mg Capsule, dual release 502,597 L.L
P02CA01 VERMOX B Mebendazole - 100mg 100mg Tablet 129,009 L.L
A04AA02 KYTRIL B Granisetron (HCl) - 1mg 1mg Tablet, film coated 2,765,628 L.L
A10BD09 INCRESYNC B Pioglitazone - 15mg, Alogliptin - 25mg Tablet, film coated 3,897,143 L.L
C09AA03 ZESTRIL B Lisinopril (dihydrate) - 20mg 20mg Tablet 636,981 L.L
N01AX10 PROPOFOL-LIPURO B Propofol - 10mg/ml 1% Injectable emulsion 1,411,035 L.L
V03AE03 FOSRENOL B Lanthanum Carbonate - 500mg 500mg Tablet, chewable 18,751,847 L.L
A10BD09 INCRESYNC B Pioglitazone - 30mg, Alogliptin - 25mg Tablet, film coated 3,897,143 L.L
N03AX14 KEPPRA B Levetiracetam - 250mg 250mg Tablet, film coated 3,240,855 L.L
V03AE03 FOSRENOL B Lanthanum Carbonate - 750mg 750mg Tablet, chewable 24,138,283 L.L
A04AA02 KYTRIL B Granisetron (HCl) - 3mg/3ml 3mg/3ml Injectable solution 3,711,693 L.L
A10BD10 KOMBIGLYZE XR B Saxagliptin HCl - 2.5mg, Metformin HCl - 1000mg Tablet, extended release 4,059,748 L.L
C09AA04 COVERSYL ARGININE B Perindopril arginine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 452,875 L.L
C10AA01 ZOCOR B Simvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet 1,435,992 L.L
D06BA51 IALUGEN PLUS B Silver sulfadiazine - 10mg/g, Sodium hyaluronate - 2mg/g Cream 1,064,323 L.L
L01EA02 SPRYCEL B Dasatinib - 70mg 70mg Tablet 212,274,841 L.L
L02BB03 CASODEX B Bicalutamide - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 3,777,541 L.L
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