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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A10BD09 INCRESYNC B Pioglitazone - 30mg, Alogliptin - 25mg Tablet, film coated 3,897,143 L.L
J01FA02 ROVAMYCINE B Spiramycin - 3MIU 3MIU Tablet, film coated 649,076 L.L
J05AP55 EPCLUSA B Sofosbuvir - 400mg, Velpatasvir - 100mg Tablet, film coated 954,137,511 L.L
L02AE04 DECAPEPTYL LP B Triptorelin (pamoate) - 11.25mg 11.25mg Injectable powder for suspension+diluent 31,761,098 L.L
A04AA02 KYTRIL B Granisetron (HCl) - 3mg/3ml 3mg/3ml Injectable solution 3,711,693 L.L
A10BD10 KOMBIGLYZE XR B Saxagliptin HCl - 2.5mg, Metformin HCl - 1000mg Tablet, extended release 4,059,748 L.L
C09AA03 ZESTRIL B Lisinopril (dihydrate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 592,635 L.L
J01FA02 ROVAMYCINE B Spiramycin - 1.5MIU 1.5MIU Tablet, film coated 256,674 L.L
J05AP56 VOSEVI B Sofosbuvir - 400mg, Velpatasvir - 100mg, Voxilaprevir - 100mg Tablet, film coated 857,670,718 L.L
L02AE04 GONAPEPTYL B Triptorelin acetate - 0.1mg 0.1mg Injectable solution 4,637,600 L.L
A10BD10 KOMBIGLYZE XR B Saxagliptin HCl - 5mg, Metformin HCl - 1000mg Tablet, extended release 3,979,118 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 200mcg 200mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
C09AA03 ZESTRIL B Lisinopril (dihydrate) - 20mg 20mg Tablet 636,981 L.L
L02AE04 GONAPEPTYL CR B Triptorelin - 3.75mg 3.75mg Injectable powder for suspension+diluent 12,095,730 L.L
R05X ACTISOUFRE B Sulfure de Sodium - 13mg, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae - 500mg Solution 740,457 L.L
V03AE02 RENVELA B Sevelamer - 800mg 800mg Tablet, film coated 8,386,876 L.L
A10BD11 JENTADUETO B Metformin - 1000mg, Linagliptin - 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 3,542,369 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 200mcg 200mcg Tablet, film coated 613,462,617 L.L
N05BA08 LEXOTANIL B Bromazepam - 3mg 3mg Tablet, scored 413,903 L.L
P02CA01 VERMOX B Mebendazole - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 196,201 L.L
R05X FERVEX CHILDREN SUGAR FREE B Paracetamol - 280mg, Ascorbic acid - 100mg, Pheniramine maleate - 10mg Granules for solution 425,998 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 400mcg 400mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
C09AA04 COVERSYL ARGININE B Perindopril arginine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 452,875 L.L
C10AA01 ZOCOR B Simvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet 1,435,992 L.L
D06BA51 IALUGEN PLUS B Silver sulfadiazine - 10mg/g, Sodium hyaluronate - 2mg/g Cream 1,064,323 L.L
J05AR03 TRUVADA B Emtricitabine - 200mg, Tenofovir disoproxil - 245mg Tablet, film coated 20,507,286 L.L
N01AH06 ULTIVA B Remifentanil (HCl) - 5mg 5mg Injectable powder for solution 2,990,050 L.L
P02CA01 VERMOX B Mebendazole - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 196,201 L.L
R05X FERVEX ADULTS SUGAR FREE B Paracetamol - 500mg, Ascorbic acid - 200mg, Pheniramine maleate - 25mg Granules for solution 425,998 L.L
A04AA05 ALOXI B Palonosetron HCl - 0.25mg/5ml 0.25mg/5ml Injectable solution 3,656,595 L.L
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