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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N01BB03 MEDICAINE 3% SANS VASOCONSTRICTEUR G Mepivacaine HCl - 3% 3% Injectable solution 954,128 L.L
N01BB03 SCANDINIBSA G Mepivacaine HCl - 3% 3% Injectable solution 1,191,988 L.L
N01BB09 ROPIVACAINA MOLTENI G Ropivacaine HCl - 75mg/10ml 7.5mg/ml Injectable solution 2,332,911 L.L
N01BB09 ROPIVACAINE B. BRAUN G Ropivacaine HCl - 75mg/10ml 7.5mg/ml Injectable solution 4,831,114 L.L
N01BB52 DILOCAIN 2% G Lidocaine HCl - 20mg/1.7ml, Epinephrine (bitartrate) - 0.0125mg/1.7ml Injectable solution 2,768,316 L.L
N01BB53 MEDICAINE 2% WITH ADRENALINE G Mepivacaine HCl - 36mg/1.8ml, Epinephrine (tartrate) - 0.032mg/1.8ml Injectable solution 1,652,926 L.L
N01BB54 EMLA B Prilocaine - 25mg/g, Lidocaine - 25mg/g 5% Cream 1,763,121 L.L
N01BB54 PRILA G Prilocaine - 2.5% w/w, Lidocaine - 2.5% w/w Cream 1,057,604 L.L
N01BB54 PRILA G Prilocaine - 2.5% w/w, Lidocaine - 2.5% w/w Cream 1,163,768 L.L
N01BB58 ARTINIBSA 4% WITH EPINEPHRINE 1/100000 B Articaine HCl - 4%, Epinephrine - 1/100.000 Injectable solution 1,968,729 L.L
N01BB58 SEPTANEST ADRENALINEE B Articaine HCl - 72mg/1.8ml, Adrenaline (tartrate) - 0.033mg/1.8ml 1/100,000 Injectable solution 2,945,703 L.L
N01BB58 ARTICAINE MEDIS ADRENALINE G Articaine HCl - 40mg/ml, Adrenaline - 0.07mg/ml Injectable solution 1,881,380 L.L
N01BB58 ORABLOC G Articaine HCl - 4%, Epinephrine (tartrate) - 1/100.000 Injectable solution 2,308,721 L.L
N02AA01 MST CONTINUS B Morphine sulfate - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 972,942 L.L
N02AA01 SKENAN LP G Morphine sulfate - 10mg 10mg Capsule, prolonged release microgranules 419,279 L.L
N02AA01 MST CONTINUS B Morphine sulfate - 30mg 30mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 2,289,908 L.L
N02AA01 SKENAN LP G Morphine sulfate - 30mg 30mg Capsule, prolonged release microgranules 972,942 L.L
N02AA01 MST CONTINUS B Morphine sulfate - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 3,839,358 L.L
N02AA01 SKENAN LP G Morphine sulfate - 60mg 60mg Capsule, prolonged release microgranules 1,990,231 L.L
N02AA01 MORPHINE (CHLORHYDRATE) RENAUDIN G Morphine HCl - 1mg/ml 1mg/ml Injectable solution 626,231 L.L
N02AA01 CHLORHYDRATE DE MORPHINE RENAUDIN G Morphine HCl - 20mg/ml 20mg/ml Injectable solution 1,100,607 L.L
N02AA01 MORPHINE MEDIS G Morphine HCl - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution 1,050,885 L.L
N02AA01 MORPHILINE G Morphine sulfate - 10mg/5ml 10mg/5ml Solution 189,418 L.L
N02AA01 ACTISKENAN G Morphine sulfate - 30mg 30mg Capsule, immediate release 763,303 L.L
N02AA01 ACTISKENAN G Morphine sulfate - 20mg 20mg Capsule, immediate release 512,004 L.L
N02AA01 ACTISKENAN G Morphine sulfate - 10mg 10mg Capsule, immediate release 310,428 L.L
N02AA01 ACTISKENAN G Morphine sulfate - 5mg 5mg Capsule, immediate release 233,829 L.L
N02AA05 OXYNORM B Oxycodone HCl - 5mg 5mg Capsule, hard 1,991,575 L.L
N02AA05 OXYNORM B Oxycodone HCl - 10mg 10mg Capsule, hard 3,988,525 L.L
N02AA05 OXYNORM B Oxycodone HCl - 20mg 20mg Capsule, hard 7,634,958 L.L
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