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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage ↑ Form Price
D10AD51 CLINIDERM T G Tretinoin - 0.025%, Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1% Gel 801,186 L.L
A07BA51 CARBOSYLANE B Simethicone (blue-red) - 45mg (blue-red), Activated charcoal (blue-red) - 140mg (blue-red) Capsule 585,915 L.L
D10AD51 CLINIDERM T G Tretinoin - 0.05%, Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1% Gel 890,776 L.L
R03DA55 CAMPHO-PNEUMINE AMINOPHYLLINE ENFANTS G Eucalyptol - 0.03g, Camphre - 0.04g, Gaiacol ethyl glycolate - 0.12g, Aminophylline - 0.06g Suppository 284,127 L.L
R03DA55 CAMPHO-PNEUMINE AMINOPHYLLINE ENFANTS G Eucalyptol - 0.03g, Camphre - 0.04g, Gaiacol ethyl glycolate - 0.12g, Aminophylline - 0.06g Suppository 426,190 L.L
R03DA55 CAMPHO-PNEUMINE AMINOPHYLLINE ADULTES G Amyleine HCl - 0.01g, Eucalyptol - 0.05g, Camphre - 0.1g, Gaiacol ethyl glycolate - 0.26g, Aminophylline - 0.15g Suppository 326,362 L.L
R03DA55 CAMPHO-PNEUMINE AMINOPHYLLINE ADULTES G Amyleine HCl - 0.01g, Eucalyptol - 0.05g, Camphre - 0.1g, Gaiacol ethyl glycolate - 0.26g, Aminophylline - 0.15g Suppository 490,183 L.L
S01ED51 COMBIGAN 2mg/ml 5mg/ml B Timolol - 5mg/ml, Brimonidine tartrate - 2mg/ml Drops solution 1,181,238 L.L
S01ED51 COMBIGAN 2mg/ml 5mg/ml B Timolol - 5mg/ml, Brimonidine tartrate - 2mg/ml Drops solution 1,181,238 L.L
C05BA53 CONTRACTUBEX B Allantoin - 1g/100g, Cepae - 10g/100g, Heparin - 5000IU/100g Gel 498,566 L.L
C05BA53 CONTRACTUBEX B Allantoin - 1g/100g, Cepae - 10g/100g, Heparin - 5,000IU/100g Gel 1,183,925 L.L
S01ED51 COMBISOPT G Timolol maleate - 5mg/ml, Dorzolamide HCl - 20mg/ml Drops solution 935,570 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 17Solution for peritoneal dialysis stay safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 15g/l, Fructose , - up to 0.75g/l Injectable solution 605,921 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 19Solution for peritoneal dialysis stay safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.73g/l, Fructose , - up to 1.1g/l Injectable solution 740,031 L.L
A11AA CAL-VIT G Riboflavine - 9mg/100ml, Cyanocobalamine - 570mcg/100ml, Pyridoxine HCl - 35mg/100ml, Thiamine HCl - 190mg/100ml, Inositol - 150mg/100ml, Nicotinamide - 120mg/100ml, Calcium Pantothenate - 27mg/100ml, Sodium hypophosphite - 70mg/100ml Syrup 163,821 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 2Solution for peritoneal dialysis stay safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.2573g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 15g/l, Glucose monohydrate - 16.5g/l Injectable solution 707,716 L.L
A11AA COMPLEVIT G Ascorbic acid - 1.32g, Riboflavine - 0.018g, Nicotinamide - 0.264g, Cyanocobalamine - 0.9g, Pyridoxine HCl - 0.132g, Thiamine mononitrate - 0.288g, Iron Ammonium Citrate - 3.6g Syrup 218,854 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 3Solution for peritoneal dialysis G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.2573g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 42.50g/l, Glucose monohydrate - 46.75g/l Injectable solution 740,031 L.L
A11AB CYPRO-VITA B Vitamin C - 20mg, Vitamin B3 - 5mg, Vitamin B12 - 2.5mg, Vitamin B6 - 0.6mg, Vitamin B2 - 0.75mg, Vitamin B1 - 0.6mg, Vitamin D3 - 167IU, Vitamin A - 1670IU, Cyproheptadine HCl - 4mg Tablet, film coated 409,552 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 17Solution for peritoneal dialysis sleep safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 15g/l, Fructose , - up to 0.75g/l Injectable solution 715,794 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 19Solution for peritoneal dialysis sleep safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.73g/l, Fructose , - up to 1.1g/l Injectable solution 715,794 L.L
R05 COQUELUSEDAL NOURRISSON G Grindelia extract - 10mg, Gelsenium extract - 5mg Suppository 496,170 L.L
A08AA62 CONTRAVE B Naltrexone Hydrochloride - 8mg, Bupropion Hydrochloride - 90mg Tablet, prolonged release 11,653,550 L.L
R05 COQUELUSEDAL ENFANT G Grindelia extract - 20mg, Gelsenium extract - 10mg Suppository 575,270 L.L
C09DA03 CO-DIOVAN B Valsartan - 80mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 602,041 L.L
C09DA03 CO-DIOVAN B Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 846,621 L.L
C09DA03 CO-ANGINET G Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 544,256 L.L
A09AA02 CREON 10,000 B Pancreatin protease - 600FIP-U, Pancreatin amylase - 8,000FIP-U, Pancreatin lipase - 10,000FIP-U Capsule 1,835,689 L.L
C09DA03 CO-TABUVAN G Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 544,256 L.L
A09AA02 CREON 25,000 B Pancreatin protease - 1000FIP-U, Pancreatin amylase - 18000FIP-U, Pancreatin lipase - 25000FIP-U Capsule 4,598,629 L.L
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