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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C01DX12 MOLSIDOMINE BIOGARAN G Molsidomine - 2mg 2mg Tablet, scored 256,674 L.L
C01DX12 MOLSIDOMINE BIOGARAN G Molsidomine - 2mg 2mg Tablet, scored 713,580 L.L
C01DX12 CORVASAL 4MG B Molsidomine - 4mg 4mg Tablet 492,742 L.L
C01DX12 MOLSIDOMINE BIOGARAN G Molsidomine - 4mg 4mg Tablet 344,024 L.L
C01DA08 ISDN G Isosorbide dinitrate - 10mg 10mg Tablet 311,771 L.L
C01DA08 ISODEX G Isosorbide dinitrate - 10mg 10mg Tablet 138,224 L.L
C01DA02 NITRODERM TTS 5 B Glyceryl trinitrate - 5mg/24h 5mg/24h Patch 654,183 L.L
C01DA02 NITROGLICERINA BIOINDUSTRIA L.I.M. G Nitroglycerine - 50mg/50ml 50mg/50ml Injectable concentrate for solution 1,057,604 L.L
C01DA02 NITROJECT INJECTION G Nitroglycerine - 50mg/10ml 50mg/10ml Injectable solution 7,018,889 L.L
C01DA02 TRINITRINA G Nitroglycerine - 50mg/50ml 50mg/50ml Injectable concentrate for solution 6,212,584 L.L
C01CE02 MILRINONE G Milrinone - 1mg/ml 1mg/ml Injectable concentrate for solution 28,486,446 L.L
C01CA26 EPHEDRINE AGUETTANT G Ephedrine HCl - 30mg/ml 30mg/ml Injectable solution 614,136 L.L
C01CA26 EPHEDRINE RENAUDIN G Ephedrine HCl - 30mg/ml 3% Injectable solution 693,423 L.L
C01CA26 EPHEDRINE AGUETTANT G Ephedrine HCl - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Injectable solution 7,827,491 L.L
C01CA24 ADRENALINE 1 MG I.V. G Adrenaline - 1mg/ml 1mg/ml Injectable solution 2,239,738 L.L
C01CA24 ADRENALINE RENAUDIN G Epinephrine (tartrate) - 1mg/ml 1mg Injectable solution 444,812 L.L
C01CA24 ADRENALINE SALF G Adrenaline - 1mg/ml 1mg/ml Injectable solution 220,390 L.L
C01CA24 ADRENALINE AGUETTANT G Adrenaline - 0.1mg/ml 0.1mg/ml Injectable solution 13,990,891 L.L
C01CA07 DOBUTAMINE PANPHARMA G Dobutamine (HCl) - 250mg/20ml 250mg/20ml Injectable concentrated solution 2,701,123 L.L
C01CA06 PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE G Phenylephrine HCl - 10mg/ml 1% Injectable solution 10,282,281 L.L
C01CA06 PHENYLEPHRINE RENAUDIN G Phenylephrine - 100mcg/ml 100mcg/ml Injectable solution 5,955,910 L.L
C01CA06 PHENYLEPHRINE AGUETTANT G Phenylephrine - 500mcg/10ml 500mcg/10ml Injectable solution 11,464,796 L.L
C01CA04 DOPAMINE FRESENIUS G Dopamine HCl - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 713,580 L.L
C01CA04 DOPAMINE RENAUDIN G Dopamine HCl - 200mg/5ml 4% Injectable concentrated solution 1,107,326 L.L
C01CA03 EPINORD G Noradrenaline (tartrate) - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 2,751,678 L.L
C01CA03 NORADRENALINE NOREPINEPHRINE (tartrate) Aguettant G Norepinephrine tartrate - 2mg/ml 2mg/ml Injectable solution 1,896,162 L.L
C01CA03 NORADRENALINE NOREPINEPHRINE (tartrate) Aguettant G Norepinephrine tartrate - 2mg/ml 2mg/ml Injectable solution 1,896,162 L.L
C01CA03 NORADRENALINE RENAUDIN G Norepinephrine tartrate - 8mg/4ml 0.2% Injectable solution 2,000,981 L.L
C01CA03 ? NORADRENALINE G Norepinephrine tartrate - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 330,201 L.L
C01CA03 NORADRENALINE HIKMA G Noradrenaline bitartrate - 4mg/4ml 4mg/4ml Injectable solution 1,279,338 L.L
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