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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05BB01 LACTATED RINGER'S G Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml Injectable solution 268,908 L.L
B05BB01 LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l Injectable solution 232,134 L.L
B05BB01 LR G Sodium lactate - 0.3g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml Injectable solution 234,862 L.L
B05BB01 SERUFLEX LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l Injectable solution 232,134 L.L
B05BB01 SOLUFLEX LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l Injectable solution 264,311 L.L
B05BB01 RINGER'S INJECTION USP G Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.033%, Potassium chloride - 0.03%, Sodium chloride - 0.86% Injectable solution 129,934 L.L
B05BB01 RINGER'S INJECTION USP G Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.033%, Potassium chloride - 0.03%, Sodium chloride - 0.86% Injectable solution 205,933 L.L
B05BB01 RINGER'S INJECTION USP G Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.033%, Potassium chloride - 0.03%, Sodium chloride - 0.86% Injectable solution 224,565 L.L
B05BB01 RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l Injectable solution 204,554 L.L
B05BB01 RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l Injectable solution 154,450 L.L
B05BB01 R-SOL G Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.033%, Potassium chloride - 0.03%, Sodium chloride - 0.86% Injectable solution 205,933 L.L
B05BB01 SERUFLEX RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l Injectable solution 204,554 L.L
B05BB01 SOLUFLEX RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l Injectable solution 221,792 L.L
B05BA10 OLIMEL N9E B Glucose solution - 27.5%, Amino acids solution - 14.2%, Lipid emulsion - 20%, Sodium - 70mmol/2l, Potassium - 60mmol/2l, Magnesium - 8mmol/2l, Calcium - 7mmol/2l, Phosphate - 30mmol/2l, Acetate - 107mmol/2l, Chloride - 90mmol/2l, Azote - 18g/2l Injectable emulsion 5,496,316 L.L
B05BA10 PERIOLIMEL N4E B Olive oil + Soja oil - 45.00g, Alanine - 5.50g, Arginine - 3.72g, Aspartic Acid - 1.10g, Glutamic Acid - 1.90g, Glycine - 2.63g, Histidine - 2.26g, Isoleucine - 1.90g, Leucine - 2.63g, Lysine - 2.99g, Methionine - 1.90g, Phenylalanine - 2.63g, Proline - 2.26g, Serine - 1.50g, Threonine - 1.90g, Tryptophan - 0.64g, Tyrosine - 0.10g, Valine - 2.43g, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 1.73g, Sodium glycerophosphate, H2O - 2.87g, Potassium chloride - 1.79g, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.67g, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.44g, Glucose monohydrate - 123.75g Injectable emulsion 5,288,020 L.L
B05BA10 SMOFKABIVEN G Glucose monohydrate - 462mg, Soya-bean oil, refined - 60mg, Triglycerides, Medium Chain - 60mg, Olive oil, refined - 50mg, Fish oil, rich in omega-3-acids - 30mg, Alanine - 14mg, Arginine - 12mg, Proline - 11.2mg, Glycine - 11mg, Lysine acetate - 9.3mg, Leucine - 7.4mg, Serine - 6.5mg, Valine - 6.2mg, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 5.62mg, Phenylalanine - 5.1mg, Isoleucine - 5mg, Potassium chloride - 4.48mg, Threonine - 4.4mg, Methionine - 4.3mg, Sodium glycerophosphate, anhydrous - 4.18mg, Histidine - 3mg, Magnesium sulfate, 7H2O - 2.47mg, Tryptophan - 2mg, Taurine - 1mg, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.74mg, Tyrosine - 0.40mg, Zinc sulfate heptahydrate - 23mcg Injectable emulsion 3,835,326 L.L
B05BA10 SMOFKABIVEN PERIPHERAL G Glucose monohydrate - 143mg, Soya-bean oil, refined - 60mg, Triglycerides, Medium Chain - 60mg, Olive oil, refined - 50mg, Fish oil, rich in omega-3-acids - 30mg, Alanine - 14mg, Arginine - 12mg, Proline - 11.2mg, Glycine - 11mg, Lysine acetate - 9.3mg, Leucine - 7.4mg, Serine - 6.5mg, Valine - 6.2mg, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 5.62mg, Phenylalanine - 5.1mg, Isoleucine - 5mg, Potassium chloride - 4.48mg, Threonine - 4.4mg, Methionine - 4.3mg, Sodium glycerophosphate, anhydrous - 4.18mg, Histidine - 3mg, Magnesium sulfate, 7H2O - 2.47mg, Tryptophan - 2mg, Taurine - 1mg, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.74mg, Tyrosine - 0.40mg, Zinc sulfate heptahydrate - 23mcg Injectable emulsion 4,571,752 L.L
B05BA02 SMOFLIPID G Soya oil - 6%, Olive oil - 5%, Fish oil - 3%, Medium chain triglycerides - 6% 20% Injectable emulsion 1,424,473 L.L
B05BA02 LIPIDEM G Triglycerides, Medium Chain - 100g/500ml, Soya bean oil - 80g/500ml, Omega-3 acid triglicerides - 20g/500ml Injectable emulsion 2,486,109 L.L
B05BA01 AMINOVEN 10% B Glacial Acetic Acid 99% - 5.297g/l, L-Proline - 15.0g/l, L-Alanine - 15.0g/l, Glycine - 14.0g/l, L-Histidine - 3.00g/l, L-Arginine - 12.0g/l, L-Valine - 6.20g/l, L-Tryptophan - 2.00g/l, L-Threonine - 4.40g/l, L-Phenylalanine - 5.10g/l, L-Methionine - 4.30g/l, L-Lysine (monoacetate) - 6.60g/l, L-Leucine - 7.40g/l, L-Isoleucine - 5.00g/l Injectable solution 951,440 L.L
B05BA01 AMINOVEN INFANT B L-Leucine - 13g/l, L-Isoleucine - 8g/l, L-Lysine Acetate - 12g/l, L-Methionine - 3.12g/l, L-Phenylalanine - 3.75g/l, L-Threonine - 4.40g/l, L-Tryptophan - 2.01g/l, L-Valine - 9g/l, Arginine - 7.5g/l, L-Histidine - 4.76g/l, Glycine - 4.15g/l, L-Taurine - 0.40g/l, L-Serine - 7.67g/l, L-Alanine - 9.3g/l, L-Proline - 9.71g/l, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine - 5.176g/l, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine - 0.70g/l, L-Malic Acid - 2.62g/l 10% Injectable solution 880,217 L.L
B05BA01 AMINOPLASMAL B. BRAUN B Amino acids - 10% 10% Injectable solution 1,036,103 L.L
B05AA07 VOLUVEN B Starch poly(O-2-Hydroxyethyl) - 6% 6% Injectable solution 987,724 L.L
B05AA06 GELASPAN B Gelatine, succinylated - 4% 4% Injectable solution 9,107,572 L.L
B05AA01 ALBUTEIN BioHuman Human Albumin - 20% 20% Injectable solution 7,154,928 L.L
B05AA01 ALBUTEIN BioHuman Human Albumin - 20% Injectable solution 4,031,528 L.L
B05AA01 HUMAN ALBUMIN "OCTAPHARMA" 20% BioHuman Albumin human - 20% 20% Injectable solution 4,863,366 L.L
B05AA01 HUMAN ALBUMIN 20% SOLUTION BioHuman Albumin human - 20% 20% Injectable solution 4,177,896 L.L
B05AA01 HUMAN ALBUMIN BEHRING 20%, LOW SALT BioHuman Albumin human - 20% 20% Injectable solution 4,177,896 L.L
B05AA01 PLASBUMIN-20 ALBUMIN (HUMAN) BioHuman Albumin human - 20% 20% Injectable solution 3,641,813 L.L
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