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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N02BE01 STOPALGIC G Paracetamol - 1g/100ml 1g/100ml Injectable solution 1,536,012 L.L
G04CB01 STERIBO G Finasteride - 1mg 1mg Tablet, film coated 2,636,619 L.L
N02BE01 SOLUFLEX PARACETAMOL G Paracetamol - 1g/100ml 1g/100ml Injectable solution 211,175 L.L
A02BC05 SOLEZOL G Esomeprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 301,021 L.L
N02BE51 SICADOL EXTRA G Paracetamol - 500mg, Caffeine - 65mg Tablet 147,823 L.L
N06CA02 SERNIL G Flupentixol - 0.5mg, Melitracen - 10mg Tablet 1,003,402 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 156,288 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 165,482 L.L
A02BX02 SUCRATE GEL G Sucralfate - 1g 1g Gel 636,981 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 176,974 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 163,184 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 156,288 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 4,143,943 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 3,985,356 L.L
N02BE51 SOLPEX G Paracetamol - 500mg, Caffeine - 30mg, Codeine - 8mg Tablet 243,172 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 5,566,628 L.L
J02AC01 STABILANOL G Fluconazole - 2mg/ml 2mg/ml Injectable solution 1,242,583 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 519,736 L.L
M03AC11 SISACURE G Cisatracurium (besylate) - 20mg/10ml 20mg/10ml Injectable solution 1,408,347 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 167,780 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 167,780 L.L
A03AA04 SPASMINE (Mebeverine HCl 200mg SR) G Mebeverine HCl - 200mg 200mg Capsule, slow release 712,876 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 166,708 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 174,553 L.L
N05AH04 SEROPINE 25 G Quetiapine fumarate - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,233,647 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 188,772 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 209,151 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 222,941 L.L
N05AH04 SEROPINE 100 G Quetiapine fumarate - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,996,950 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 349,596 L.L
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