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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A12AX CI-CAL+D B Calcium citrate - 250mg, Vitamin D3 - 125IU Tablet 796,899 L.L
A12AX CI-CAL+D B Calcium citrate - 250mg, Vitamin D3 - 1,000IU Tablet 1,118,077 L.L
A03FA08 CINITREX G Cinitapride - 1mg 1mg Tablet 636,981 L.L
J01EE01 CO-TRIMOXAZOLE G Trimethoprim - 160mg, Sulfamethoxazole - 800mg Tablet 7,529,090 L.L
J01EE01 CO-TRIMOXAZOLE G Trimethoprim - 160mg, Sulfamethoxazole - 800mg Tablet 183,019 L.L
B01AC04 CERUVIN G Clopidogrel (Bisulfate) - 75mg 75mg Tablet 240,548 L.L
B01AC04 CLODOR G Clopidogrel (Bisulfate) - 75mg 75mg Tablet 1,148,025 L.L
B01AC04 CLOPIKEY G Clopidogrel (Bisulfate) - 75mg 75mg Tablet 748,520 L.L
R06AE07 CETRAK G Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 147,823 L.L
G03GB02 CLOMID B Clomifene citrate - 50mg 50mg Tablet 274,144 L.L
G03GB02 CLOMIFERT G Clomifene citrate - 50mg 50mg Tablet 395,090 L.L
G03GB02 CLOMIFERT G Clomifene citrate - 50mg 50mg Tablet 395,090 L.L
N06AB04 CIPRAM B Citalopram - 20mg 20mg Tablet 2,280,501 L.L
C01DX12 CORVASAL 4MG B Molsidomine - 4mg 4mg Tablet 492,742 L.L
R06AX13 CLARITINE B Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 219,046 L.L
R06AX13 CLARITINE B Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 618,168 L.L
R06AX13 CLARA G Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 131,697 L.L
L01EJ01 CELEZON G Ruxolitinib - 5mg 5mg Tablet L.L
L01EJ01 CELEZON G Ruxolitinib - 15mg 15mg Tablet L.L
L01EJ01 CELEZON G Ruxolitinib - 20mg 20mg Tablet L.L
C01EX CARDIOVITEX G Coenzyme Q10 - 300mg, Magnesium oxide - 100mg Tablet 2,822,069 L.L
C09BB04 COVERAM B Perindopril arginine - 5mg, Amlodipine - 5mg Tablet 821,088 L.L
C02CA04 CARDULAR B Doxazosin (mesylate) - 4mg 4mg Tablet 755,239 L.L
C02CA04 CURCARD G Doxazosin (mesylate) - 4mg 4mg Tablet 452,875 L.L
C09BB04 COVERAM B Perindopril arginine - 10mg, Amlodipine - 5mg Tablet 1,116,733 L.L
C09BB04 COVERAM B Perindopril arginine - 10mg, Amlodipine - 10mg Tablet 1,116,733 L.L
L04AA18 CERTICAN B Everolimus - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet L.L
A11AA CAL-VIT G Riboflavine - 9mg/100ml, Cyanocobalamine - 570mcg/100ml, Pyridoxine HCl - 35mg/100ml, Thiamine HCl - 190mg/100ml, Inositol - 150mg/100ml, Nicotinamide - 120mg/100ml, Calcium Pantothenate - 27mg/100ml, Sodium hypophosphite - 70mg/100ml Syrup 163,821 L.L
A11AA COMPLEVIT G Ascorbic acid - 1.32g, Riboflavine - 0.018g, Nicotinamide - 0.264g, Cyanocobalamine - 0.9g, Pyridoxine HCl - 0.132g, Thiamine mononitrate - 0.288g, Iron Ammonium Citrate - 3.6g Syrup 218,854 L.L
N03AG01 CONVULEX G Sodium Valproate - 50mg/ml 50mg/ml Syrup 213,671 L.L
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