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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A03FA01 METORAM G Metoclopramide HCl - 10mg/2ml 10mg/2ml Injectable solution 421,071 L.L
A03FA01 METORAM G Metoclopramide HCl - 10mg/2ml 10mg/2ml Injectable solution 3,026,845 L.L
J01RA MEDSPIRAGYL G Metronidazole - 125mg, Spiramycin - 750,000IU Tablet, scored 474,824 L.L
P01AB01 METROLAG G Metronidazole - 250mg 250mg Tablet 130,353 L.L
P01AB01 METRONIDAZOLE G Metronidazole - 250mg 250mg Tablet 6,540,034 L.L
P01AB01 METRONIDAZOLE 250 G Metronidazole - 250mg 250mg Tablet 131,825 L.L
P01AB01 METROLAG G Metronidazole - 500mg 500mg Tablet 389,714 L.L
G01AF20 MICOGYL G Metronidazole - 500mg, Miconazole nitrate - 100mg Suppository 362,198 L.L
P01AB01 METRIS G Metronidazole - 500mg/100ml 0.5% Injectable solution 142,447 L.L
P01AB01 METRONIDAZOLE G Metronidazole - 500mg/100ml 500mg/100ml Injectable solution 162,605 L.L
P01AB01 METRONIDAZOLE B. BRAUN G Metronidazole - 500mg/100ml 500mg/100ml Injectable solution 102,132 L.L
P01AB01 METRONIDAZOLE FRESENIUS G Metronidazole - 500mg/100ml 500mg/100ml Injectable solution 1,866,597 L.L
P01AB01 METRONIDAZOLE PANPHARMA G Metronidazole - 500mg/100ml 500mg/100ml Injectable solution 1,624,706 L.L
P01AB01 METRONOR G Metronidazole - 500mg/100ml 500mg/100ml Injectable solution 5,359,244 L.L
P01AB01 METRO-SOLUTIONS G Metronidazole - 500mg/100ml 500mg/100ml Injectable solution 166,381 L.L
P01AB01 METROLAG G Metronidazole benzoate - 125mg/5ml 125mg/5ml Syrup 391,634 L.L
P01AB01 METROLE G Metronidazole benzoate - 125mg/5ml 125mg/5ml Syrup 245,731 L.L
P01AB01 METRONIDAL G Metronidazole benzoate - 125mg/5ml 125mg/5ml Syrup 245,731 L.L
P01AB01 METROGYL G Metronidazole benzoate - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Powder for suspension 481,788 L.L
J02AX05 MEGMENTO G Micafungin (sodium) - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for solution 17,158,569 L.L
J02AX05 MYCAMINE B Micafungin (sodium) - 50mg 50mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 13,170,341 L.L
J02AX05 MEGMENTO G Micafungin (sodium) - 50mg 50mg Injectable powder for solution 9,530,364 L.L
A01AB09 MICOZOLE G Miconazole - 20mg/g 20mg/g Gel 104,820 L.L
G01AF04 MYCODERM-V G Miconazole nitrate - 2% 2% Cream 361,494 L.L
A01AB09 MICONAZ G Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g 20mg/g Gel 229,093 L.L
A01AB09 MYCOHEAL G Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g 20mg/g Gel 210,983 L.L
D01AC02 MICONAZ G Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g 20mg/g Gel 427,470 L.L
N05CD08 MIDAZOLAM HAMELN G Midazolam (HCl) - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Injectable solution 529,474 L.L
N05CD08 MIDAZOLAM HAMELN G Midazolam (HCl) - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Injectable solution 561,726 L.L
N05CD08 MIDAZOLAM NORMON. G Midazolam - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Injectable solution 618,168 L.L
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