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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A10BD20 SYNJARDY B Empagliflozin - 5mg, Metformin HCl - 1000mg 5mg/1000mg Tablet, film coated 3,156,820 L.L
M01AE11 SURGAM B Tiaprofenic acid - 300mg 300mg Tablet 440,780 L.L
R03AK06 SERETIDE DISKUS 100 B Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 50mcg/inhalation, Fluticasone propionate - 100mcg/inhalation Inhalation powder 2,276,469 L.L
N04BA02 SINEMET B Levodopa - 250mg, Carbidopa - 25mg Tablet, scored 1,283,690 L.L
H01CB02 SANDOSTATIN LAR B Octreotide (acetate) - 20mg 20mg Injectable powder for suspension+diluent L.L
H01CB02 SANDOSTATIN LAR B Octreotide (acetate) - 30mg 30mg Injectable powder for suspension+diluent L.L
N04BA02 SINEMET B Levodopa - 100mg, Carbidopa - 25mg Tablet 2,742,335 L.L
R03AK06 SERETIDE DISKUS 250 B Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 50mcg/inhalation, Fluticasone propionate - 250mcg/inhalation Inhalation powder 2,830,132 L.L
R03AK06 SERETIDE DISKUS 500 B Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 50mcg/inhalation, Fluticasone propionate - 500mcg/inhalation Inhalation powder 3,199,689 L.L
N04BB01 SYMMETREL B Amantadine - 100mg 100mg Capsule 568,253 L.L
N04BC05 SIFROL B Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.18mg 0.18mg Tablet 631,606 L.L
N04BC05 SIFROL B Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.7mg 0.7mg Tablet 2,478,046 L.L
N04BC05 SIFROL ER B Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.75mg 0.75mg Tablet, extended release 942,034 L.L
R03AK07 SYMBICORT B Formoterol fumarate dihydrate - 4.5mcg/Inhalation, Budesonide - 160mcg/Inhalation Inhalation powder 3,378,420 L.L
N04BC05 SIFROL ER B Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.375mg 0.375mg Tablet, extended release 473,033 L.L
R03AK07 SYMBICORT TURBUHALER B Formoterol fumarate dihydrate - 4.5mcg/inhalation, Budesonide - 160mcg/inhalation Inhalation powder 1,689,210 L.L
R07AA01 SURVANTA B Colfosceril palmitate - 200mg/8ml 200mg/8ml Suspension 36,957,499 L.L
N04BC05 SIFROL ER B Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 1.5mg 1.5mg Tablet, extended release 1,847,783 L.L
R03AK07 SYMBICORT B Formoterol fumarate dihydrate - 9mcg/Inhalation, Budesonide - 320mcg/Inhalation Inhalation powder 3,378,420 L.L
A07BC05 SMECTALIA B Diosmectite - 3g/sachet 3g/sachet Powder for suspension 935,570 L.L
A07BC05 SMECTALIA STRAWBERRY B Diosmectite - 3g/sachet 3g/sachet Powder for suspension 935,570 L.L
L01EX01 SUTENT B Sunitinib maleate - 12.5mg 12.5mg Capsule 54,006,801 L.L
L01EX01 SUTENT B Sunitinib maleate - 25mg 25mg Capsule 98,852,769 L.L
A07EC02 SALOFALK B Mesalazine - 500mg 500mg Tablet, enteric coated 2,874,479 L.L
L01EX01 SUTENT B Sunitinib maleate - 50mg 50mg Capsule 197,706,574 L.L
A07EC02 SALOFALK B Mesalazine - 1000mg 1000mg Granules, gastro-resistant, prolonged release 3,874,298 L.L
R03AL06 SPIOLTO RESPIMAT B Olodaterol HCl - 2.5mcg/puff, Tiotropium bromide monohydrate - 2.5mcg/puff Inhalation solution 5,087,788 L.L
L01EX05 STIVARGA B Regorafenib - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 262,387,816 L.L
A07EC02 SALOFALK 500 B Mesalazine - 500mg 500mg Suppository 677,297 L.L
A07EC02 SALOFALK B Mesalazine - 1g 1g Suppository 3,948,209 L.L
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