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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A07BC05 SMECTALIA B Diosmectite - 3g/sachet 3g/sachet Powder for suspension 935,570 L.L
A07BC05 SMECTALIA STRAWBERRY B Diosmectite - 3g/sachet 3g/sachet Powder for suspension 935,570 L.L
A07DA03 IMODIUM B Loperamide HCl - 2mg 2mg Capsule 138,416 L.L
A07DA03 LOPERAMIDE ARROW LAB G Loperamide HCl - 2mg 2mg Capsule 442,124 L.L
A07DA03 IMODIUM INSTANTS B Loperamide HCl - 2mg 2mg Tablet, orodispersible 451,531 L.L
A07EA02 HEMORRANE G Hydrocortisone acetate - 10mg/g 10mg/g Ointment 710,893 L.L
A07EA06 BUDENOFALK B Budesonide - 3mg 3mg Capsule 8,554,692 L.L
A07EA06 ENTOCORT CIR G Budesonide - 3mg 3mg Capsule, hard, modified release 7,823,588 L.L
A07EA06 ENTOCORT CIR G Budesonide - 3mg 3mg Capsule, hard, modified release 4,771,985 L.L
A07EA06 CORTIMENT MMX B Budesonide - 9mg 9mg Tablet, prolonged release 8,996,996 L.L
A07EC02 ASACOL B Mesalazine - 400mg 400mg Tablet, enteric coated 5,895,437 L.L
A07EC02 SALOFALK B Mesalazine - 500mg 500mg Tablet, enteric coated 2,874,479 L.L
A07EC02 SALCROZINE G Mesalazine - 500mg 500mg Tablet, gastroresistant 2,013,076 L.L
A07EC02 ASACOL B Mesalazine - 800mg 800mg Tablet 6,833,439 L.L
A07EC02 PENTASA B Mesalazine - 1g 1g Tablet, controlled release 4,945,340 L.L
A07EC02 SALCROZINE G Mesalazine - 1g 1g Tablet, gastroresistant 4,073,187 L.L
A07EC02 SALOFALK B Mesalazine - 1000mg 1000mg Granules, gastro-resistant, prolonged release 3,874,298 L.L
A07EC02 PENTASA XTEND B Mesalazine - 2g 2g Granules for suspension 8,550,789 L.L
A07EC02 ASACOL B Mesalazine - 500mg 500mg Suppository 1,703,992 L.L
A07EC02 SALOFALK 500 B Mesalazine - 500mg 500mg Suppository 677,297 L.L
A07EC02 SALCROZINE G Mesalazine - 500mg 500mg Suppository 576,508 L.L
A07EC02 SALCROZINE G Mesalazine - 1000mg 1000mg Suppository 2,306,034 L.L
A07EC02 PENTASA B Mesalazine - 1g 1g Suppository 4,153,817 L.L
A07EC02 SALOFALK B Mesalazine - 1g 1g Suppository 3,948,209 L.L
A07EC02 SALOFALK B Mesalazine - 4g/60ml 4g/60ml Enema 3,796,355 L.L
A07EC02 ASACOL B Mesalazine - 1g/100ml 1g/100ml Enema 2,748,158 L.L
A07EC02 PENTASA B Mesalazine - 1g 1g Enema 2,791,161 L.L
A07EC02 SALOFALK B Mesalazine - 1.5g 1.5g Granules, gastro-resistant, prolonged release 6,150,767 L.L
A07EC02 SALOFALK B Mesalazine - 3g 3g Granules, gastro-resistant, prolonged release 11,256,652 L.L
A07EC02 ASACOL B Mesalazine - 1600mg 1600mg Tablet, modified release 8,454,523 L.L
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