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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
D06AX01 ACIDE FUSIDIQUE BGR G Fusidic acid - 2% 2% Cream 202,920 L.L
J01CA01 AMPICILLIN G Ampicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Powder for suspension 206,056 L.L
B01AC04 APO-CLOPIDOGREL G Clopidogrel (Bisulfate), - 75mg 75mg Tablet 911,125 L.L
C08DB01 APO-DILTIAZ G Diltiazem HCl - 60mg 60mg Tablet 545,600 L.L
J01CA01 ANTALPEN FORTE G Ampicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Powder for suspension 206,056 L.L
M01AB15 ALGIKEY G Ketorolac trometamine - 30mg/ml 30mg/ml Injectable solution 873,498 L.L
J01CA01 ANTALPEN G Ampicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg 250mg Capsule 218,854 L.L
J01CA01 ANTALPEN G Ampicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 285,407 L.L
J01CA01 AMPICILLINE PANPHARMA G Ampicillin (sodium) - 500mg 500mg Injectable powder for solution 1,944,540 L.L
J01CA01 AMPICILLINE PANPHARMA G Ampicillin (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 2,857,009 L.L
M01AB16 ACECLOFAR G Aceclofenac - 100mg 100mg Tablet 131,697 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXICILLIN G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 6,199,145 L.L
L01EA02 APO-DASATINIB G Dasatinib - 70mg 70mg Tablet 71,323,688 L.L
M01AB16 ARACENAC G Aceclofenac - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 330,585 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXICILLINE ARROW LAB G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 564,414 L.L
C09AA01 APO-CAPTO G Captopril - 25mg 25mg Tablet, scored 1,132,859 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXIDREX G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 254,690 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXIDREX G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 7,332,097 L.L
C01CA24 ADRENALINE 1 MG I.V. G Adrenaline - 1mg/ml 1mg/ml Injectable solution 2,239,738 L.L
D06AX09 AVALON AVOBAN G Mupirocin - 2% w/w 2% Ointment 460,938 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXYCILLIN G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 4,073,187 L.L
C01CA24 ADRENALINE RENAUDIN G Epinephrine (tartrate) - 1mg/ml 1mg Injectable solution 444,812 L.L
L01EA02 APO-DASATINIB G Dasatinib - 50mg 50mg Tablet 71,323,688 L.L
C01CA24 ADRENALINE SALF G Adrenaline - 1mg/ml 1mg/ml Injectable solution 220,390 L.L
C01CA24 ADRENALINE AGUETTANT G Adrenaline - 0.1mg/ml 0.1mg/ml Injectable solution 13,990,891 L.L
C09AA01 APO-CAPTO G Captopril - 50mg 50mg Tablet, scored 1,752,371 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXIDREX G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Powder for suspension 284,127 L.L
L02BG03 ANASTROZOL GP PHARM G Anastrozole - 1mg 1mg Tablet, film coated 1,181,238 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXYCILLIN G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Powder for suspension 166,381 L.L
J01FA10 AZOMYCIN G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Powder for suspension + solvent 365,525 L.L
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