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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N06AB10 CIPRALEX B Escitalopram (oxalate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,548,107 L.L
A06AB07 COLON-X G Frangula Purshiana - 62.5mg, Plantago Afra - 100mg, Foeniculum Vulgare - 50mg, Zingiber Officinale - 50mg, Aniseed powder - 20mg, Glycyrrhiza Glabra - 12.5mg, Senna Alexandrina - 25mg Tablet, film coated 833,182 L.L
J01MA02 CIPRO G Ciprofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 436,749 L.L
N06AB10 CITOLES G Escitalopram (oxalate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 511,940 L.L
J01MA02 CIPRODAR G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 392,402 L.L
N06AB10 CITOXAL G Escitalopram (oxalate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,410,395 L.L
J01CR02 CURAM G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 875mg, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 125mg 1g Tablet, film coated 520,619 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROLON 500 G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 295,645 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROMAX G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 392,402 L.L
J01DC04 CECLOR MR B Cefaclor (monohydrate) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated, modified release 1,226,096 L.L
J01DC04 CECLOR MR B Cefaclor (monohydrate) - 750mg 750mg Tablet, film coated, modified release 1,555,018 L.L
C01EB15 CARMETADIN G Trimetazidine - 35mg 35mg Tablet, film coated, modified release 631,606 L.L
C09BX02 COSYREL B Perindopril arginine - 5mg, Bisoprolol fumarate - 5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 749,864 L.L
C09BX02 COSYREL B Perindopril arginine - 10mg, Bisoprolol fumarate - 5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 749,864 L.L
C07AG02 CARVEDILOL ARROW G Carvedilol - 6.25mg 6.25mg Tablet, film coated, scored 364,181 L.L
C07AG02 CARVEDILOL ARROW G Carvedilol - 12.5mg 12.5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 364,181 L.L
C07AG02 CARVEDILOL ARROW G Carvedilol - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated, scored 425,998 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROPHARM G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film-scored 354,774 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROCIN G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film-scored 240,548 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROFAR G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film-scored 241,892 L.L
A07EA06 CORTIMENT MMX B Budesonide - 9mg 9mg Tablet, prolonged release 8,996,996 L.L
A08AA62 CONTRAVE B Naltrexone Hydrochloride - 8mg, Bupropion Hydrochloride - 90mg Tablet, prolonged release 11,653,550 L.L
N03AG01 CONVULEX RETARD G Sodium Valproate - 500mg 500mg Tablet, prolonged release 423,310 L.L
R06AX CLARINASE B Loratadine - 5mg, Pseudoephedrine sulfate - 120mg Tablet, repetab 446,156 L.L
N05AH02 CLOZAPINE PANPHARMA G Clozapine - 100mg 100mg Tablet, scored 808,993 L.L
C09CA06 CANDESARTAN BIOGARAN G Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg 8mg Tablet, scored 434,061 L.L
C09CA06 CANDESARTAN BIOGARAN G Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg 16mg Tablet, scored 434,061 L.L
C09CA06 CANDESARTAN BIOGARAN G Candesartan cilexetil - 32mg 32mg Tablet, scored 434,061 L.L
M04AC01 COLCHICINE OPOCALCIUM B Colchicine - 1mg 1mg Tablet, scored 288,926 L.L
J05AB01 CYCLOVEX G Aciclovir - 200mg 200mg Tablet, scored 1,164,664 L.L
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