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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01DC02 AXETINE G Cefuroxime sodium - 750mg 750mg Injectable powder for solution 1,193,332 L.L
J01MA12 LOXOF G Levofloxacin (hemihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 141,103 L.L
M01AH05 CONSORT G Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 338,648 L.L
N02BE01 ADOL G Paracetamol - 250mg 250mg Suppository 124,977 L.L
N05AB03 PERPHENAZINE G Perphenazine - 8mg 8mg Tablet, scored 624,567 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 37.5 G Venlafaxine - 37.5mg 37.5mg Capsule, extended release 383,955 L.L
S01AE01 FLOXEDOL G Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Gel 339,992 L.L
A02BC01 OMEZOL BENTA G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule 317,403 L.L
A10BK01 ZYGLOR 10 G Dapagliflozin - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,039,953 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 188,772 L.L
C03DA04 EPLERENONE ARROW G Eplerenone - 25mg 25mg Tablet, coated 1,744,308 L.L
C10AA05 TARDEN G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,055,876 L.L
D10AD01 TRETINOIN G Tretinoin - 0.05% 0.05% Solution 623,287 L.L
G04BE08 AMOS G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Film, orodispersible 2,175,745 L.L
J01DC02 CEFUMAX G Cefuroxime (sodium) - 750mg 750mg Injectable dry powder 159,917 L.L
J01MA12 MATADOR G Levofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 787,492 L.L
L01EX01 SOVIDEX G Sunitinib maleate - 25mg 25mg Capsule 64,804,314 L.L
L04AA32 APRIVA G Apremilast - 30mg 30mg Tablet, film coated 41,455,526 L.L
M01AH05 COXIFLAM G Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,109,630 L.L
N02BE01 ALGIVIC G Paracetamol - 250mg 250mg Suppository 215,015 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 37.5 G Venlafaxine - 37.5mg 37.5mg Capsule, extended release 575,933 L.L
S01AE02 NAFLOX G Norfloxacin - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops 370,901 L.L
A02BC01 RISEK G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule, enteric coated 302,365 L.L
A07EC02 SALCROZINE G Mesalazine - 500mg 500mg Tablet, gastroresistant 2,013,076 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 195,361 L.L
C03DA04 EPLERENONE BIOGARAN G Eplerenone - 25mg 25mg Tablet, coated 1,849,127 L.L
C09CA04 ANDARAN G Irbesartan - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 904,612 L.L
C10AA05 TORVACOL 40 G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, coated 2,363,819 L.L
D10AD01 TRETINOIN G Tretinoin - 0.025% 0.025% Solution 564,414 L.L
G04BE08 AMOS G Tadalafil - 10mg 10mg Film, orodispersible 1,662,781 L.L
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