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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N03AX14 ZITERA G Levetiracetam - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 2,203,902 L.L
N03AX14 ZITERA G Levetiracetam - 1,000mg 1,000mg Tablet, film coated 3,225,222 L.L
J01FA10 ZITHROFORTE G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 485,127 L.L
J01FA10 ZITHROMAX B Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 300mg/7.5ml 300mg/7.5ml Powder for suspension 489,159 L.L
J01FA10 ZITHROMAX B Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 250mg 250mg Capsule 591,291 L.L
C10AA01 ZOCOR B Simvastatin - 10mg 10mg Tablet 881,817 L.L
C10AA01 ZOCOR B Simvastatin - 20mg 20mg Tablet 976,526 L.L
C10AA01 ZOCOR B Simvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet 1,435,992 L.L
A04AA01 ZOFRAN B Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg 8mg Tablet, film coated 6,061,174 L.L
A04AA01 ZOFRAN INJECTION B Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 4mg/2ml 4mg/2ml Injectable solution 6,971,989 L.L
A04AA01 ZOFRAN INJECTION B Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 9,338,600 L.L
L02AE03 ZOLADEX DEPOT B Goserelin (acetate) - 3.6mg 3.6mg Injectable suspension 8,820,074 L.L
L02AE03 ZOLADEX LA B Goserelin (acetate) - 10.8mg 10.8mg Injectable suspension 35,121,328 L.L
L02AE03 ZOLADEX LA B Goserelin (acetate) - 10.8mg 10.8mg Injectable suspension L.L
N05AH03 ZOLAPINE G Olanzapine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, orodispersible 1,186,165 L.L
N05AH03 ZOLAPINE G Olanzapine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, orodispersible 2,106,249 L.L
M05BA08 ZOLEDRA G Zoledronic acid - 4mg 4mg Injectable powder for solution 6,368,470 L.L
M05BA08 ZOLEDRO-DENK G Zoledronic acid - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Injectable concentrate for solution 4,388,990 L.L
M05BA08 ZOLEDRONIC ACID ACCORD G Zoledronic acid - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Injectable concentrate for solution 7,028,741 L.L
M05BA08 ZOLEDRONIC ACID HIKMA G Zoledronic acid (monohydrate) - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Injectable concentrate for solution 9,098,466 L.L
R06AE09 ZOLICIN G Levocetirizine dihydrochloride - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 228,453 L.L
N02CC03 ZOLMITRIPTAN ARROW GENERIGUES G Zolmitriptan - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,726,838 L.L
N02CC03 ZOLMITRIPTAN ARROW GENERIGUES G Zolmitriptan - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 857,372 L.L
N02CC03 ZOLMITRIPTAN BIOGARAN G Zolmitriptan - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, orodispersible 921,876 L.L
N06AB06 ZOLOFT B Sertraline HCl - 50mg 50mg Tablet, scored 596,666 L.L
N06AB06 ZOLOFT B Sertraline HCl - 50mg 50mg Tablet, scored 596,666 L.L
J01FA10 ZOMAX G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Powder for suspension 258,018 L.L
J01FA10 ZOMAX G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 250mg 250mg Capsule 360,150 L.L
M05BA08 ZOMETA B Zoledronic acid (monohydrate) - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 13,697,658 L.L
A04AA01 ZONETRON ODT G Ondansetron - 8mg 8mg Tablet, orodispersible 998,283 L.L
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