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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
V03AE01 RESINCALCIO G Calcium Polystyrene Sulphonate - 99.75g/100g 99.75% w/w Powder for suspension 1,673,084 L.L
V03AE01 RESINSODIO G Sodium polystyrene sulphonate - 99.75g/100g 99.75g/100g Powder for suspension 1,534,668 L.L
N01AH06 REMIFENTANIL MEDIS G Remifentanil (HCl) - 1mg 1mg Injectable powder 1,101,951 L.L
N01AH06 REMIFENTANIL MEDIS G Remifentanil (HCl) - 5mg 5mg Injectable powder 2,576,146 L.L
J01FA09 RITHROCID G Clarithromycin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 686,704 L.L
M01AB05 RAPIDUS G Diclofenac potassium - 50mg 50mg Tablet, coated 287,582 L.L
G03XC01 RALOXIFENE ARROW G Raloxifene HCl - 60mg 60mg Tablet, coated 1,425,817 L.L
C09AA05 RAMIPRIL-REMEDICA G Ramipril - 5mg 5mg Tablet 623,543 L.L
N01BB09 ROPIVACAINA MOLTENI G Ropivacaine HCl - 75mg/10ml 7.5mg/ml Injectable solution 2,332,911 L.L
C09AA05 RAMIPRIL-REMEDICA G Ramipril - 10mg 10mg Tablet 896,343 L.L
N01BB09 ROPIVACAINE B. BRAUN G Ropivacaine HCl - 75mg/10ml 7.5mg/ml Injectable solution 4,831,114 L.L
B01AF01 RIBAVAN G Rivaroxaban - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 3,199,625 L.L
R06AE07 RINALGIT G Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Drops solution 237,860 L.L
B01AF01 RIBAVAN G Rivaroxaban - 15mg 15mg Tablet, film coated 1,343,843 L.L
L03AB07 RECIGEN 44 BioTech Interferon beta-1a - 44mcg/0.5ml 44mcg/0.5ml Injectable solution L.L
L03AB07 REBIF BioTech Interferon beta-1a - 44mcg/0.5ml 12MIU Injectable solution 79,337,698 L.L
L03AB07 RECIGEN 44 BioTech Interferon beta-1a - 44mcg/0.5ml 44mcg/0.5ml Injectable solution 15,147,973 L.L
L01FA01 RITUXIREL BioTech Rituximab - 100mg 100mg/10ml Injectable concentrated solution L.L
L01FA01 RITUXIREL BioTech Rituximab - 500mg 500mg/10ml Injectable concentrated solution L.L
B02BD02 RECOFACT VIII BioTech Moroctocog alfa - 500IU 500IU Injectable powder for solution+diluent 12,049,005 L.L
L03AB07 REBIF BioTech Interferon beta-1a - 44mcg/0.5ml 12MIU Injectable solution L.L
J07BG01 RABIVAX-S (RABIES VACCINE INACTIVATED) BioTech Freeze dried inactivated purified rabies antigen (Pitman Moore PM3218 as virus strain) - Injectable freeze dried material 1,552,138 L.L
J07BH01 ROTASIIL, ROTAVIRUS VACCINE, LIVE ATTENUATED (ORAL FREEZE-DRIED) BioTech Rotavirus bovine-human , live attenuated - Suspension 2,822,069 L.L
B02BD04 REFIXIA BioTech Nonacog beta pegol (factor IX) - 500IU 500IU Injectable powder for solution+solvent 76,080,435 L.L
J07BH01 ROTASIIL, ROTAVIRUS VACCINE, LIVE ATTENUATED (ORAL LIQUID) BioTech Rotavirus bovine-human , live attenuated - Liquid 2,822,069 L.L
B02BD04 REFIXIA BioTech Nonacog beta pegol (factor IX) - 1000IU 1000IU Injectable powder for solution+solvent 143,279,414 L.L
B02BD04 REFIXIA BioTech Nonacog beta pegol (factor IX) - 2000IU 2000IU Injectable powder for solution+solvent 286,711,575 L.L
B02BD08 RECOFACT VII BioTech Eptacog alfa (activated) recombinant - 1.2mg 1.2mg Injectable powder for solution+diluent 47,533,131 L.L
L01FA01 RITUXIREL BioTech Rituximab - 100mg 100mg/10ml Injectable concentrated solution 11,708,063 L.L
L01FA01 RIXATHON BioTech Rituximab - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 27,354,833 L.L
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