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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
H05AA02 OSTEOFORTIL BioTech Teriparatide - 250mcg/ml 250mcg/ml Injectable solution 16,963,499 L.L
J01DD15 OMNICEF B Cefdinir - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Powder for suspension 3,670,034 L.L
J01CA04 OSPAMOX G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Powder for suspension 223,078 L.L
C09AA01 ORBACE G Captopril - 25mg 25mg Tablet 522,179 L.L
A11CC03 ONE-ALPHA B Alfacalcidol - 2mcg/ml 2mcg/ml Injectable solution 2,218,684 L.L
A11CC03 ONE-ALPHA B Alfacalcidol - 2mcg/ml 2mcg/ml Injectable solution 4,219,665 L.L
A11CC03 ONE-ALPHA B Alfacalcidol - 2mcg/ml 2mcg/ml Drops solution 1,343,843 L.L
L04AA37 OLUMIANT B Baricitinib - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 68,053,864 L.L
A10BB12 ORBIDE G Glimepiride - 2mg 2mg Tablet 209,895 L.L
J01DD15 OMNICEF B Cefdinir - 300mg 300mg Capsule 2,238,842 L.L
J01DD15 OMNICEF 300 B Cefdinir - 300mg 300mg Capsule 2,238,842 L.L
L04AA36 OCREVUS BioTech Ocrelizumab - 300mg/10ml 300mg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 547,517,314 L.L
L04AA32 OTEZLA B Apremilast - 30mg 30mg Tablet, film coated 49,829,454 L.L
M05BA07 OSTERAL G Risedronate sodium - 35mg 35mg Tablet, film coated 511,940 L.L
A10BB12 ORBIDE G Glimepiride - 3mg 3mg Tablet 351,959 L.L
S01AE01 OPTIFLOX G Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops suspension 143,791 L.L
S02AA16 OFLOMED G Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops solution 317,403 L.L
C10AA05 ORBALIP G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet 1,405,275 L.L
C10AA05 ORVASTA G Atorvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,170,487 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAL G Omeprazole - 40mg 40mg Capsule, delayed release 499,142 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAZOLE ARROW G Omeprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 454,219 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAZOLE VIANEX G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution+diluent 467,657 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAZOLE-ORBUCELL G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable solution 3,839,550 L.L
C09CA08 OLMETEC B Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 920,532 L.L
C09CA08 OLMENOR G Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 721,643 L.L
L01FF01 OPDIVO BioTech Nivolumab - 40mg/4ml 40mg/4ml Injectable solution L.L
L01FF01 OPDIVO BioTech Nivolumab - 40mg/4ml 40mg/4ml Injectable solution 51,234,726 L.L
A03AX13 OVOL B Simethicone - 40mg/ml 40mg/ml Drops 233,829 L.L
L01FD01 OGIVRI BioTech Trastuzumab - 440mg 440mg Injectable lyophilised powder 80,027,615 L.L
L04AA37 OLUMIANT B Baricitinib - 4mg 4mg Tablet, film coated 68,053,864 L.L
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