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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N02BE01 ALGIVIC G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Suppository 147,183 L.L
N02BE01 ALGIVIC INFANT G Paracetamol - 125mg 125mg Suppository 199,657 L.L
N02AJ06 ALGOCOD G Paracetamol - 500mg, Codeine phosphate - 30mg Tablet, effervescent 299,677 L.L
N02AJ13 ALGODOL G Paracetamol - 325mg, Tramadol HCl - 37.5mg Capsule 317,403 L.L
R05DA20 ALGOMIEL COUGH SYRUP G Dextromethorphan HBr - 5mg, Carbinoxamine maleate - 2mg Syrup 639,925 L.L
L01BA04 ALIMTA B Pemetrexed (disodium) - 500mg 500mg Injectable concentrated powder for solution 75,811,351 L.L
L01BA04 ALIMTA B Pemetrexed (disodium) - 100mg 100mg Injectable concentrated powder for solution 16,854,009 L.L
S01GX07 ALLERGODIL B Azelastine HCl - 0.5mg/ml 0.5mg/ml Drops solution 709,549 L.L
R01AC03 ALLERGODIL NASAL B Azelastine HCl - 0.14mg/dose 0.14mg/dose Spray, solution 657,139 L.L
M04AA01 ALLOPURINOL BIOGARAN G Allopurinol - 100mg 100mg Tablet 107,507 L.L
M04AA01 ALLOPURINOL BIOGARAN G Allopurinol - 300mg 300mg Tablet 212,327 L.L
M04AA01 ALLOPURINOL BIOGARAN G Allopurinol - 200mg 200mg Tablet 169,324 L.L
D11AX18 ALMIRAL G Diclofenac sodium - 1% w/w 1% w/w Gel 396,434 L.L
M01AB05 ALMIRAL G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg/3ml 75mg/3ml Injectable solution 415,247 L.L
N02CC05 ALMOVITAE G Almotriptan - 12.5mg 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,148,985 L.L
D11AX01 ALOPEXY G Minoxidil - 20mg/ml 2% Solution 532,162 L.L
D11AX01 ALOPEXY G Minoxidil - 50mg/ml 5% Solution 896,343 L.L
D11AX01 ALOPEXY G Minoxidil - 5% 5% Solution 896,343 L.L
A04AA05 ALOXI B Palonosetron HCl - 0.25mg/5ml 0.25mg/5ml Injectable solution 3,656,595 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 10,000IU 10000IU Injectable solution 4,036,903 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 10,000IU 10,000IU Injectable solution 10,661,285 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000IU 4000IU Injectable solution 8,728,144 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000IU 4000IU Injectable solution 1,127,036 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000IU 4000IU Injectable solution 4,748,244 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 40,000IU 40,000IU Injectable solution 11,210,836 L.L
S01EA05 ALPHAGAN P B Brimonidine tartrate - 1.5mg/ml 0.15% Drops solution 1,001,163 L.L
S01EA05 ALPHAGAN P B Brimonidine tartrate - 1.5mg/ml 0.15% Drops solution 1,001,163 L.L
S01EA05 ALPHANOVA G Brimonidine tartrate - 0.15% 0.15% Drops solution 599,354 L.L
N05BA12 ALPRAZOLAM BIOGARAN G Alprazolam - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet, scored 169,324 L.L
N05BA12 ALPRAZOLAM BIOGARAN G Alprazolam - 0.25mg 0.25mg Tablet, scored 115,570 L.L
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