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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01DD04 LEBACEF G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution+diluent 643,765 L.L
J01DD04 LEBACEF G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g, Lidocaine (ampoule) - 1g Injectable powder for solution+diluent 568,253 L.L
J01DD04 LEBACEF G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 5,793,881 L.L
J01DD04 MEDAXONUM G Ceftriaxone (disodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution+diluent 438,093 L.L
J01DD04 MEDAXONUM G Ceftriaxone (disodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 15,482,229 L.L
J01DD04 MEGION G Ceftriaxone (disodium 3.5 hydrate) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution+diluent 552,259 L.L
J01DD04 MEGION-A G Ceftriaxone - 1g/3.5ml, Lidocaine (ampoule) - 1g/3.5ml Injectable powder + solvent 599,719 L.L
J01DD04 MESPORIN-1000 IM G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g 1,000mg Injectable powder for solution+diluent 417,935 L.L
J01DD04 MESPORIN-1000 IV G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g 1,000mg Injectable powder for solution+diluent 417,935 L.L
J01DD04 ROCICARE G Ceftriaxone - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 9,382,061 L.L
J01DD04 TRAVILAN IM G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 438,093 L.L
J01DD04 TRIAXONE G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 438,093 L.L
J01DD04 TRIAXONE G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 4,542,188 L.L
J01DD04 VERACOL G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 454,219 L.L
J01DD04 AXONE 500MG IM G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 500mg 500mg Injectable powder for solution+diluent 393,746 L.L
J01DD07 CEFIZOX B Ceftizoxime (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 788,836 L.L
J01DD08 SUPRAX 100 B Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 581,884 L.L
J01DD08 SUPRAX 100 B Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 581,884 L.L
J01DD08 BETIXIM 100 G Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 348,055 L.L
J01DD08 CEFIX G Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 349,399 L.L
J01DD08 MAGNACEF G Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 349,399 L.L
J01DD08 SUPRAX 100 B Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 1,166,455 L.L
J01DD08 SUPRAX 100 B Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 1,166,455 L.L
J01DD08 BETIXIM 100 G Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 700,142 L.L
J01DD08 CEFIX G Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 700,142 L.L
J01DD08 CEFIXIME NEOCEF G Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 692,079 L.L
J01DD08 MAGNACEF G Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 700,142 L.L
J01DD08 MUREX G Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 528,130 L.L
J01DD08 WINEX G Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 700,142 L.L
J01DD08 SUPRAX B Cefixime (trihydrate) - 200mg 200mg Capsule 1,067,011 L.L
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