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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01FA09 CLARIDAR DAR AL DAWA G Clarithromycin - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Suspension 877,529 L.L
J01FA09 KLACID RM B Clarithromycin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, modified release 1,173,175 L.L
J01FA10 AZOMYCIN G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 250mg 250mg Capsule 361,494 L.L
J01FA10 AZOMYNE G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 250mg 250mg Capsule 385,683 L.L
J01FA10 AZOX 250 G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 250mg 250mg Capsule 346,711 L.L
J01FA10 ERADECIN G Azithromycin - 250mg 250mg Capsule 354,774 L.L
J01FA10 ZETRON G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 250mg 250mg Capsule 360,150 L.L
J01FA10 ZEVLEN G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 250mg 250mg Tablet, film coated 409,552 L.L
J01FA10 ZIMAX G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 250mg 250mg Capsule 360,150 L.L
J01FA10 ZOMAX G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 250mg 250mg Capsule 360,150 L.L
J01FA10 AZICIN 500 BENTA G Azithromycin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 573,373 L.L
J01FA10 AZIFAST 500 G Azithromycin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 573,373 L.L
J01FA10 AZM-500 G Azithromycin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 448,843 L.L
J01FA10 ZITHROFORTE G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 485,127 L.L
J01FA10 AZOMYCIN G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Powder for suspension + solvent 365,525 L.L
J01FA10 AZOMYCIN G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Powder for suspension 693,423 L.L
J01FA10 AZOMYNE G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Powder for suspension 237,860 L.L
J01FA10 ZOMAX G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Powder for suspension 258,018 L.L
J01FA10 ZITHROMAX B Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 300mg/7.5ml 300mg/7.5ml Powder for suspension 489,159 L.L
J01FA10 ZITHROMAX B Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 250mg 250mg Capsule 591,291 L.L
J01FA10 APO-AZITHROMYCIN Z G Azithromycin - 250mg 250mg Tablet 481,096 L.L
J01FA10 AZICIN 250 BENTA G Azithromycin - 250mg 250mg Tablet, film coated 423,630 L.L
J01FA10 AZIFAST 250 G Azithromycin - 250mg 250mg Tablet, film coated 423,630 L.L
J01FF01 DALACIN-C B Clindamycin HCl - 150mg 150mg Capsule 287,582 L.L
J01FF01 DALACIN-C B Clindamycin HCl - 300mg 300mg Capsule 478,408 L.L
J01FF01 DANALLI G Clindamycin HCl - 300mg 300mg Capsule 267,425 L.L
J01FF01 CLINDAMYCIN VIANEX BA FREE G Clindamycin (phosphate) - 600mg/4ml 600mg/4ml Injectable solution 201,576 L.L
J01GB03 GENTAMICINE PANPHARMA G Gentamicin (sulfate) - 80mg/2ml 80mg/2ml Injectable solution 721,643 L.L
J01GB03 GENTAMICINE PANPHARMA G Gentamicin (sulfate) - 80mg/2ml 80mg/2ml Injectable solution 721,643 L.L
J01GB03 GENTAMICINE PANPHARMA G Gentamicin (sulfate) - 40mg/2ml 40mg/2ml Injectable solution 643,701 L.L
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