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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B03XA01 EPOTIN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4,000IU/ml 4,000IU/ml Injectable solution 11,317,795 L.L
B03XA01 EPREX BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 40,000IU/ml 40,000IU/ml Injectable solution 13,250,926 L.L
B03XA01 EPOMAX BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000UI/ml 4000UI/ml Injectable solution 1,243,054 L.L
N06AB10 ESCITALOPRAM BIOGARAN G Escitalopram (oxalate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, coated, scored 678,640 L.L
N06AB10 ESCITALOPRAM BIOGARAN G Escitalopram (oxalate) - 15mg 15mg Tablet, coated, scored 678,640 L.L
N06AB10 ESCITALOPRAM BIOGARAN G Escitalopram (oxalate) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, coated, scored 678,640 L.L
N06AB10 ESCITALOPRAM NORMON G Escitalopram - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 845,277 L.L
A02BC05 EXONAR G Esomeprazole (magnesium trihydrate) - 20mg 20mg Capsule, delayed release 511,940 L.L
A02BC05 EXONAR G Esomeprazole (magnesium trihydrate) - 40mg 40mg Capsule, delayed release 639,925 L.L
A02BC05 ESO TAD G Esomeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule, hard, gastro-resistant 299,677 L.L
A02BC05 ESOCAP-UBSA G Esomeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule 511,940 L.L
A02BC05 ESOMEP G Esomeprazole - 20mg 20mg Tablet, gastroresistant 415,632 L.L
A02BC05 ESOMEPRAZOLE ARROW G Esomeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule, gastro-resistant 366,869 L.L
A02BC05 ESO TAD G Esomeprazole - 40mg 40mg Capsule, hard, gastro-resistant 389,714 L.L
A02BC05 ESOCAP-UBSA G Esomeprazole - 40mg 40mg Capsule 646,324 L.L
A02BC05 ESOMEP G Esomeprazole - 40mg 40mg Tablet, gastroresistant 474,598 L.L
A02BC05 ESOMEPRAZOLE ARROW LAB G Esomeprazole - 40mg 40mg Capsule, gastro-resistant 454,219 L.L
A02BC05 ESOMEPRAZOLE NORMON G Esomeprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 430,030 L.L
A02BC05 ESAC G Esomeprazole sodium - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 430,030 L.L
G03CA03 ESTROFEM B Estradiol (hemihydrate) - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 399,121 L.L
L04AB01 ENBREL BioTech Etanercept - 25mg 25mg Injectable solution 28,768,353 L.L
L04AB01 ERELZI BioTech Etanercept - 25mg 25mg Injectable solution 24,770,928 L.L
L04AB01 ETANERREL BioTech Etanercept - 25mg/0.5ml 25mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 5,085,100 L.L
L04AB01 ETANERREL BioTech Etanercept - 25mg/0.5ml 25mg/0.5ml Injectable solution L.L
L04AB01 ENBREL BioTech Etanercept - 50mg 50mg Injectable solution 52,197,598 L.L
L04AB01 ENBREL BioTech Etanercept - 50mg 50mg Injectable solution 52,197,598 L.L
L04AB01 ERELZI BioTech Etanercept - 50mg 50mg Injectable solution 56,780,638 L.L
L04AB01 ERELZI BioTech Etanercept - 50mg 50mg Injectable solution 39,269,439 L.L
L04AB01 ETANERREL BioTech Etanercept - 50mg/ml 50mg/ml Injectable solution 9,756,719 L.L
L01CB01 ETOPOSIDE EBEWE G Etoposide - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 768,678 L.L
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