Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Form	Price
C09DB01	AMLODIPINE/VALSARTAN ARROW	G	Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg, Valsartan - 160mg	Tablet, coated	923,220 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOVEN 10%	B	Glacial Acetic Acid 99% - 5.297g/l, L-Proline - 15.0g/l, L-Alanine - 15.0g/l, Glycine - 14.0g/l, L-Histidine - 3.00g/l, L-Arginine - 12.0g/l, L-Valine - 6.20g/l, L-Tryptophan - 2.00g/l, L-Threonine - 4.40g/l, L-Phenylalanine - 5.10g/l, L-Methionine - 4.30g/l, L-Lysine (monoacetate) - 6.60g/l, L-Leucine - 7.40g/l, L-Isoleucine - 5.00g/l	Injectable solution	951,440 L.L
C07BB03	ATONIUM PLUS	G	Chlortalidone - 25mg, Atenolol - 100mg	Tablet	738,473 L.L
C09DB01	ARBITEN AM 5/160	G	Amlodipine - 5mg, Valsartan - 160mg	Caplet, film coated	857,372 L.L
C09DB01	AMLODIPINE/VALSARTAN ARROW	G	Amlodipine (besylate) - 10mg, Valsartan - 160mg	Tablet, coated	923,220 L.L
A03BB01	ANTIPAN	G	Hyoscine N butylbromide - 20mg/ml	Injectable solution	355,798 L.L
C09DB01	ANGIOSAR	G	Amlodipine besylate - 10mg, Valsartan - 160mg	Tablet, film coated	857,372 L.L
A03BB01	ANTIPAN	G	Hyoscine N butylbromide - 20mg/ml	Injectable solution	2,557,140 L.L
C09DB01	ARBITEN AM 10/160	G	Amlodipine - 10mg, Valsartan - 160mg	Caplet, film coated	857,372 L.L
R05DA20	ALGOMIEL COUGH SYRUP	G	Dextromethorphan HBr - 5mg, Carbinoxamine maleate - 2mg	Syrup	639,925 L.L
V01AA	ACARIZAX 12 SQ-HDM ORAL LYOPHILISATE	B	Allergen extracts - 12 SQ-HDM	Tablet, lyophilised	9,366,451 L.L
C09DB01	AMLODIPINE/VALSARTAN ARROW	G	Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg, Valsartan - 80mg	Tablet, coated	807,649 L.L
B05XA31	ADDAVEN	G	Chromic chloride 6H2O - 53mcg/10ml, Copper chloride dihydrate - 1.02mg/10ml, Ferric Chloride hexahydrate - 5.40mg/10ml, Manganese chloride 4H2O - 198mcg/10ml, Potassium iodide - 166mcg/10ml, Sodium fluoride - 2.10mg/10ml	Injectable concentrate for solution	4,065,124 L.L
M05BB03	ACIDE ALENDRONIQUE/ VITAMINE D3 BGR	G	Alendronic acid - 70mg, Colecalciferol - 5600UI	Tablet	815,712 L.L
A03E	ACTICARBINE	G	Activated charcoal - 70mg, Papaverine HCl - 14mg	Tablet, coated	311,771 L.L
R05X	ACTISOUFRE	B	Sulfure de Sodium - 13mg, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae - 500mg	Solution	740,457 L.L
R06AA52	AMYDRAMINE	G	Diphenhydramine HCl - 13.5mg/5ml, Sodium citrate - 57mg/5ml, Ammonium chloride - 131.5mg/5ml, Menthol - 1mg/5ml	Syrup, sugar free	133,040 L.L
V07AB01	ARWAN WFI	G	Water for injection -	Water for injection, irrigation	399,915 L.L
C09DX01	ARBITEN AM PLUS	G	Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg	Tablet	857,372 L.L
C09DX01	ANGIOSAR PLUS	G	Valsartan - 320mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg	Tablet, film coated	1,689,210 L.L
R06AB54	ALERGICAL EXPECTORANT	B	Chlorpheniramine maleate - 50mg/100ml, Guaifenesin - 2000mg/100ml, Dihydroxypropyltheophylline - 500mg/100ml, Paracetamol - 2000mg/100ml	Syrup	485,127 L.L
A10BD05	ACTOSMET	B	Metformin - 850mg, Pioglitazone - 15mg	Tablet, film coated	3,101,588 L.L
N01BB58	ARTINIBSA 4% WITH EPINEPHRINE 1/100000	B	Articaine HCl - 4%, Epinephrine - 1/100.000	Injectable solution	1,968,729 L.L
N01BB58	ARTICAINE MEDIS ADRENALINE	G	Articaine HCl - 40mg/ml, Adrenaline - 0.07mg/ml	Injectable solution	1,881,380 L.L
D06BB53	ACTI-VIR H	G	Aciclovir - 5%, Hydrocortisone acetate - 1%	Cream	833,182 L.L
J01CR02	AMOXICLAV-ORBUCELL	G	Amoxicillin - 1g, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 0.2g	Injectable powder for solution	7,433,691 L.L
A04AA55	AKYNZEO	B	Palonosetron - 0.5mg, Netupitant - 300mg	Capsule, hard	7,364,372 L.L
N02AJ06	ALGOCOD	G	Paracetamol - 500mg, Codeine phosphate - 30mg	Tablet, effervescent	299,677 L.L
R01BA53	AURIMEL	B	Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg/5ml, Sodium citrate - 325mg/5ml, Carbinoxamine maleate - 2mg/5ml, Dextromethorphan HBr - 5mg/5ml	Syrup	319,963 L.L
N02AJ08	ASTEFOR	G	Ibuprofen - 400mg, Codeine phosphate hemihydrate - 30mg	Tablet, film coated	935,314 L.L