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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C09DA04 ANDARAN PLUS G Irbesartan - 300mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 575,270 L.L
C10BA05 ATOZET B Atorvastatin - 20mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,046,672 L.L
C10BA05 ATOZET B Atorvastatin - 40mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,046,672 L.L
C10BA05 ATOZET B Atorvastatin - 40mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,046,672 L.L
N02BE51 A.B.C.-COLD G Paracetamol - 500mg, Chlorphenamine maleate - 4mg, Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg Tablet, film coated 534,977 L.L
C09DA04 ANDARAN PLUS G Irbesartan - 300mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 904,612 L.L
C09DA06 ATACAND PLUS B Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 705,517 L.L
B05AA01 ALBUTEIN BioHuman Human Albumin - 20% Injectable solution 4,031,528 L.L
B05BA01 AMINOVEN 10% B Glacial Acetic Acid 99% - 5.297g/l, L-Proline - 15.0g/l, L-Alanine - 15.0g/l, Glycine - 14.0g/l, L-Histidine - 3.00g/l, L-Arginine - 12.0g/l, L-Valine - 6.20g/l, L-Tryptophan - 2.00g/l, L-Threonine - 4.40g/l, L-Phenylalanine - 5.10g/l, L-Methionine - 4.30g/l, L-Lysine (monoacetate) - 6.60g/l, L-Leucine - 7.40g/l, L-Isoleucine - 5.00g/l Injectable solution 951,440 L.L
A03BB01 ANTIPAN G Hyoscine N butylbromide - 20mg/ml Injectable solution 355,798 L.L
S01GA04 ALERJON G Oxymetazoline HCl - Drops solution 528,130 L.L
A03BB01 ANTIPAN G Hyoscine N butylbromide - 20mg/ml Injectable solution 2,557,140 L.L
C07BB03 ATONIUM PLUS G Chlortalidone - 25mg, Atenolol - 50mg Tablet 738,473 L.L
C09DB01 AMLODIPINE/VALSARTAN ARROW G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg, Valsartan - 160mg Tablet, coated 923,220 L.L
C07BB03 ATONIUM PLUS G Chlortalidone - 25mg, Atenolol - 100mg Tablet 738,473 L.L
C09DB01 ARBITEN AM 5/160 G Amlodipine - 5mg, Valsartan - 160mg Caplet, film coated 857,372 L.L
R05CA ASPECTON COUGH SYRUP G Thyme soft extract - 6.69g/100ml Syrup 588,603 L.L
C09DB01 AMLODIPINE/VALSARTAN ARROW G Amlodipine (besylate) - 10mg, Valsartan - 160mg Tablet, coated 923,220 L.L
C09DB01 ANGIOSAR G Amlodipine besylate - 10mg, Valsartan - 160mg Tablet, film coated 857,372 L.L
A03E ACTICARBINE G Activated charcoal - 70mg, Papaverine HCl - 14mg Tablet, coated 311,771 L.L
C09DB01 ARBITEN AM 10/160 G Amlodipine - 10mg, Valsartan - 160mg Caplet, film coated 857,372 L.L
C09DB01 AMLODIPINE/VALSARTAN ARROW G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg, Valsartan - 80mg Tablet, coated 807,649 L.L
B05XA31 ADDAVEN G Chromic chloride 6H2O - 53mcg/10ml, Copper chloride dihydrate - 1.02mg/10ml, Ferric Chloride hexahydrate - 5.40mg/10ml, Manganese chloride 4H2O - 198mcg/10ml, Potassium iodide - 166mcg/10ml, Sodium fluoride - 2.10mg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 4,065,124 L.L
S02CA06 AURICULARUM G Dexamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 10mg, Nystatin - 1,000,000IU, Oxytetracycline HCl - 90,000IU, Polymyxin B sulfate - 100,000IU Powder for suspension + solvent 755,239 L.L
R05DA20 ALGOMIEL COUGH SYRUP G Dextromethorphan HBr - 5mg, Carbinoxamine maleate - 2mg Syrup 639,925 L.L
A10BD05 ACTOSMET B Metformin - 850mg, Pioglitazone - 15mg Tablet, film coated 3,101,588 L.L
C09DX01 ARBITEN AM PLUS G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 857,372 L.L
V01AA ACARIZAX 12 SQ-HDM ORAL LYOPHILISATE B Allergen extracts - 12 SQ-HDM Tablet, lyophilised 9,366,451 L.L
C09DX01 ANGIOSAR PLUS G Valsartan - 320mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,689,210 L.L
M05BB03 ACIDE ALENDRONIQUE/ VITAMINE D3 BGR G Alendronic acid - 70mg, Colecalciferol - 5600UI Tablet 815,712 L.L
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